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Percentages are relative to US
recommendations for adults.The avocado (Persea americana) is a tree native to Mexico and Central America, classified in the flowering plant family Lauraceae.An average avocado tree produces about 120 avocados annually.Commercial orchards produce an average of 7 tonnes per hectare each year, with some orchards achieving 20 tonnes per hectare.Biennial bearing can be a problem, with heavy crops in one year being followed by poor yields the next.The fruit is sometimes called an avocado pear or alligator pear, due to its shape and rough green skin.Etymology
2 Dispersion beyond Central America
3 Cultivation
3.Etymology
The word "avocado" comes from the Spanish word aguacate, which derives in turn from the Nahuatl (Aztec) word ahuacatl, meaning "testicle", because of its shape.Growers had to sponsor a public relations campaign to debunk the avocado's unsavory reputation before they eventually became popular.Trata de Todas las Partidas y Provincias del Mundo.The plant was introduced to Indonesia by 1750, Brazil in 1809, the Levant in 1908, and South Africa and Australia in the late 19th century.Yield is reduced when the irrigation water is highly saline.These soil and climate conditions are met only in a few areas of the world, particularly in southern Spain, the Levant, South Africa, Peru, parts of central and northern Chile, Vietnam, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, the Philippines, Malaysia, Mexico and Central America, the center of origin and diversity of this species.Most cultivars are propagated via grafting, having originated from random seedling plants or minor mutations derived from cultivars.The avocado is a climacteric fruit, which means that it matures on the tree but ripens off the tree.Avocados that fall off the tree ripen on the ground, and depending on the amount of oil they contain, their taste and texture may vary greatly.Once picked, avocados ripen in a few days at room temperature (faster if stored with other fruits such as bananas, because of the influence of ethylene gas).Fallbrook, California, claims the title of "Avocado Capital of the World", and both Fallbrook and Carpinteria, California host annual avocado festivals.Hass avocado fruits have a dark, rippled skin and rich, creamy flesh.He bought the seedling from A.Rideout of Whittier, California, in 1926.The avocado is unusual in that the timing of the male and female phases differs among cultivars.Then they open as male in the afternoon of the second day.Certain cultivars, such as the Hass, have a tendency to bear well only in alternate years.After a season with a low yield, due to factors such as cold (which the avocado does not tolerate well), the trees tend to produce abundantly the next season.This heavy crop depletes stored carbohydrates, resulting in a reduced yield the following season, and thus the alternate bearing pattern becomes established.When the roots and stem emerge from the seed, it can be planted in soil.The fruit has a markedly higher fat content than most other fruit, mostly monounsaturated fat.To prevent this, lime or lemon juice can be added to avocados after they are peeled.The avocado is very popular in vegetarian cuisine, making an excellent substitute for meats in sandwiches and salads because of its high fat content.The Chilean version of caesar salad contains large slices of mature avocado.Avocado is also thought to promote physical beauty and is used in cosmetics to this day.Birds also seem to be particularly sensitive to this toxic compound.Pleistocene megafauna to be swallowed whole and excreted in their dung, ready to sprout.However, given the effectiveness of human intervention in dispersing the plant across the globe, there is no evolutionary pressure on the avocado that favors the development of alternative dispersal techniques.After the NAFTA treaty was signed, Mexico tried exporting avocados to the USA.Mexican government started throwing up barriers to American corn.Legitimate pest invasion issues exist, as avocado pests originating in Mexico have made their way to California, including the persea mite and avocado thrips.Other potentially disastrous pests, including a weevil, remain risks.Another argument is that the lower prices generated by the Mexican and Chilean imports would increase the popularity of avocados outside of California, thereby assuaging the loss of profits due to the new competition.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.All About Avocados: History of the Hass Avocado.Avocado Growing in the Florida Home Landscape.Naveh E, Werman MJ, Sabo E, Neeman I (2002).The ghosts of evolution: nonsensical fruit, missing partners, and other ecological anachronisms."Mexico praises lifting of last U.Online Library of Avocado Research Papers.This page was last modified 17:15, 16 January 2008.If avocados were only delicious and versatile, they would still be a treat worth serving frequently.Indeed, the very impressive health benefits of eating avocados regularly have encouraged me to adopt them as a new SuperFood.Avocados have been cultivated for thousands of years.The light green Florida avocado is larger and juicier than the Hass variety, but it is less buttery and considerably lower in oil.The delicious healthy monounsaturated fat in the avocado is one of its biggest SuperFood health claims.The only other fruit with a comparable amount of monounsaturated fat is the olive.The monounsaturated fat in avocados is oleic acid, which may help lower cholesterol.Half a California avocado has a really excellent overall nutrient profile.Too many keywords can constrain your search.View or change your orders in Your Account.Look to the right column to find helpful suggestions for your shopping session.Reserve half of the mixture.Divide the remaining half onto the chicken breasts.Place in a lightly oiled baking dish.Cut each breast in half.Avocados are a fruit, not a vegetable, belonging to the genus Persea in the Lauraceae family.Avocados were once a luxury food reserved for the tables of royalty, but now California avocados are enjoyed around the world by people from all walks of life.Avocado is a corruption of the Spanish word aguacate, which is in turn a corruption of the Aztec word ahuacatl.California avocado farmers rely on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) to combat pests and diseases.As a result, California avocados rank among the lowest of all fruits and vegetables for pesticide use.If treatment for pests is necessary, the softest chemicals are selected to have the least impact on the environment and on beneficial organisms in the orchard.With the number of California avocado groves becoming Certified Organic the trend toward organic production is on the rise.One avocado tree produces nearly 260 pounds of oxygen each year.Based on University of California deposition data).Orchard trees lower air temperature by evaporating water in their leaves.By slowing runoff and filtering rain water, orchards can improve water quality.Avocado orchards provide shelter for wildlife.Thu Mar 02 2000 at 3:45:08
AKA the Alligator Pear, butter pear, aguacate and, in Spanish, palta.They are usually eaten with silverware rather than with bare hands.Popular seasonings include lemon juice or salt, and some people pepper them too.Avocados are probably best known in America as an ingredient for dips, particularly guacamole.Avocados are native to South America, and although they have spread around the world in the past few centuries, most avocados are still exported from Mexico.All avocados are high in oil.The average avocado contains about 35 grams of fat, mostly monounsaturated fat.See also, Guacamole, Cukes, Coyo, Anay.Avocado also means "lawyer" or "advocate" in Spanish, but there is no relationship between these and the fruit.The name avocado appeared in English at the end of the 17th Century.The English thought an avocado was some sort of pear and so dubbed it an "avocado pear", but later began calling it an "alligator pear" for no other reason than that "alligator" was a more commonly known word than avocado.Avocados have a tough outer skin, soft flesh and a large pit (or "stone").Using a knife, cut the avocado into two halves (one of which should have the stone in it.Or throw it at someone, because it's damn heavy).Scoop the flesh from both halves into a mixer or bowl.Next, scoop out the pale green gunk, and spread onto bread or other spreadable food.Webster 1913 (print) I like it!Y'know, if you login, you can write something here.You can also Create a New User if you don't already have an account.Everything2 Help
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Lashana1You're there.Avocados Australia holds events throughout the year.Please find a listing of these events and other relevant industry events below.The workshops will be conducted by Dr Henry Drew of Growing Greener Growers.The workshop will cover improved spotting bug management (except in WA) and spray application.Avocados Australia is running a number of canopy management field days as a component of the extension activities of project AV04008, the national canopy management project.Road Shows will be held on farm allowing you to walk through the orchard with some of the worlds best avocado researchers.To download a venues Program select the link above for the Road Show venue.Aguacate, Palta (Spanish)
Origin: The avocado probably originated in southern Mexico but was cultivated
from the Rio Grande to central Peru before the arrival of Europeans.Hybrid forms exist between all three types.Some hardier varieties can be grown in the cooler parts of
northern and inland California and along the Gulf Coast.Avocados need some protection from high winds which may break
the branches.Avocados have been grown in California (Santa Barbara) since
1871.Growth is in frequent flushes during warm weather in
southern regions with only one long flush per year in cooler areas.Injury
to branches causes a secretion of dulcitol, a white, powdery sugar, at scars.Foliage: Avocado leaves are alternate, glossy, elliptic and dark green with
paler veins.The leaves of Mexican types have a
pronounced anise scent when crushed.The leaves are high in oils and slow to
compost and may collect in mounds beneath trees.Each
panicle will produce only one to three fruits.The flowers are perfect, but
are either receptive to pollen in the morning and shed pollen the following
afternoon (type A), or are receptive to pollen in the afternoon, and shed
pollen the following morning (type B).Some cultivars bloom and set fruit in alternate years.High in
monosaturates, the oil content of avocados is second only to olives among
fruits, and sometimes greater.Clinical feeding studies in humans have shown
that avocado oil can reduce blood cholesterol.The roots are highly competitive and will choke
out nearby plants.Soil: Avocado trees like loose, decomposed granite or sandy loam best.The trees grow well on
hillsides and should never be planted in stream beds.They are tolerant of
acid or alkaline soil.In containers use a planting mix combined with
topsoil.Container plants should be leached often to reduce salts.Never enter winter with wet soil.Avocados tolerate
some salts, though they will show leaf tip burn and stunting of leaves.Fertilization: Commence feeding of young trees after one year of growth,
using a balanced fertilizer, four times yearly.Older trees benefit from
feeding with nitrogenous fertilizer applied in late winter and early summer.Mature trees often also show a zinc deficiency.Frost Protection: It is important to choose a cultivar that is hardy in your
area.In youth,
protect with rugs, towels and such spread overhead on a frame.Avocados are often in bloom at the time of frost and the flowers are
killed, but the tree tends to rebloom.Pruning: Columnar cultivars require pinching at early age to form a rounded
tree.Current orchard practice avoids staking.The
best results are obtained by fencing the tree with plastic mesh for the first
two to three years.Branches exposed to sun by
defoliation are extraordinarily susceptible to sunburn and will surely die.Such branches should always be whitewashed.The largest seed are planted in gallon
cans and the seedlings are then grafted to a root rot tolerant clonal scion.Plant cleaned seeds as soon as they are ripe.Budding is done in January, when
suitable buds are available.Larger stocks are worked by bark grafts in the
spring.Paint and cover the graft with a moistened plastic bag and place a vented
paper bag over the whole.Avocado Brown Mite can be controlled by powdered sulfur.Mexican types are immune to trunk cankers but the fruit is not.The disease is rampant near the coast and has no economical control.It is a major disease problem in California.The disease is easily transported by equipment,
tools and shoes from infected soils.Once a tree is infected (signs include
yellowing and dropping leaves), there is little that can be done other than
cut back on water.It has no insect vector but is spread by use
of infected scions, contaminated tools and roots grafted with adjacent trees.Fruits may continue enlarging on the tree even after maturity.Purple
cultivars should be permitted to color fully before harvest.Miscellaneous: Leaf and seed extracts have been used for a variety of
medical application, including treatment of diarrhea and dysentery and as an
antibiotic.CULTIVARS
Anaheim Origin Otto Keup, Anaheim, 1910.Flesh only fair,
almost colorless,seed cavity molds rapidly.Hardy for Bay Area, Central
Valley.Creamhart Origin Orton Englehart, Escondido,1969.Duke Origin Bangor (Oroville), 1912.Tree vigorous, open, resists wind.Seeds commonly used for rootstocks, resist root rot.Season October
Fuerte Origin Atlixco, Mexico, intro.Ganter Origin Albert Rideout, Whittier, 1905.Quite hardy, for
Central Valley floor and far north.Gwen Origin Riverside, Robert Whitsell, 1982, patented.Hass look alike,
elongated green, flesh good.Most productive of dwarf avocados, best dwarf
for outdoor use, also for containers, greenhouse.Hass Origin Rudolph Hass, La Habra Heights, 1926.Currently the standard of the industry.Tree columnar, slow
growing, difficult to propagate, often scion incompatible.Mexicola Grande Seedling selection of Mexicola.Tree tall and
spreading similar to Mexicola.High quality flesh with high oil content.Tree slow growing, easily trained.Nabal Origin Antigua, Guatemala, intro.Young trees require
pinching to force low branching.Queen Origin Antigua, Guatemala, intro.Fairly hardy for large cv.Puebla Origin Atlixco, Mexico, intro.Rincon Origin Carlsbad, Sam Thompson, 1944.Hass, skin thick,
pebbled, purple.For Inland Empire, Bay Area.Whitsell Origin Robert Whitsell, Riverside,1982, patented.Littlecado) Origin Roy Wurtz, Encinitas, 1935.Fuerte but
inferior, has fibers.Fruit Gardener for additional articles on the
avocado.Mash avocados and mix with remaining ingredients, except
breadcrumbs.Cut around inside edge of tomato to
remove pulp from the sides, being careful not to damage the skin.Mix avocados with remaining
ingredients and beat with a fork until well mixed and smooth.Halve and scoop out the flesh from two of the avocados.Halve the two remaining avocados and remove the stone and fill generously
with the mousse.Use guacamole recipe on page to make the guacamole stuffing without adding
tomatoes.To prevent them form
collapsing, it's a good idea to put a bit of crumpled foil into each one.Pack the salad mixture, tuna and guacamole inside taco's and
serve.This can be done in a
blender, electric mixer or food processor.Cool, refrigerate and garnish with whipped cream
and kiwifruit before serving.Blend ingredients in blender until smooth, adding more water if too
thick.Lay out roll sheets and fill up with filling.Cut in butter with long bladed
knife and rub with fingertips until it resembles breadcrumbs.Mix mashed avocados and passion fruit
pulp into egg mix.Pour into prepared pastry case and bake at 180oC
for about 30 minutes until just set.Remove from freezer about 20 minutes before
serving.Serve with fresh sliced strawberries and kiwifruit.Peel apple and cut into small cubes.Remove the rosemary sprig and puree the cooked apples
with the cooking liquid and the cream until smooth.Add the lemon juice to
prevent browning and set aside.Mix the apple and avocado puree.Allow to set overnight in the
freezer.Pour caramel evenly into individual souffle dishes and working
very fast, revolve dishes in order to coat sides and base.Beat in mashed avocado until smooth and creamy.Pour milk over egg and avocado mixture, stirring
constantly.Strain if any large lumps occur.Pour in custard and bake in 160oC
oven for about 30 to 35 minutes or until custard is set.To serve, ease custard away from sides of
dish with fingers.Alternatively top with whipped cream and serve fruits
alongside.Spoon into 6 individual dishes or pate
bowls and refrigerate for a few hours.Flip over and cook the other side for
two minutes.Cream sauce: Reduce cream, butter
and fish stock and let it simmer for 10 minutes.In a bowl, mix flour, sugar, baking powder and
salt.Stir avocado mixture into
flour until evenly mixed.Avocado CholesterolLowering cholesterol with avocado fat.Avocado cholesterol diet is beneficial for lowering cholesterol, despite of avocado fat content and carbohydrate.In case you are not familiar, HDL or the good cholesterol is the one that cleanses the arteries from the LDL or bad cholesterol build up.You need not worry about the avocado content of fat, as this fat is not harmful nor does it increase your cholesterol levels.To distinguish the types of fat, including avocado fat, you need to understand saturated fats, monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats.Saturated fats, are those types of fat that are harmful and increase cholesterol levels.On the contrary monounsaturated fat and avocado fat help lower cholesterol.Sitosterol has an apparent ability to block the bad LDL cholesterol absorption from the intestine, resulting in lower blood cholesterol levels.We already eat this every day but we just don't get enough of it.All of these were stringent scientific studies published in international scientific journals.Just to give you one example.We always think of studies as using unhealthy people with pathological cholesterol levels given supplements to make them normal again.Amazingly enough the healthy people lowered their normal cholesterol levels even more with no change in diet or exercise.
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