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Affective Disorder biography, Affective Disorder discography
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), also known as winter depression, is a mood disorder whose sufferers experience normal mental health throughout most of the year, but experience depressive symptoms in the winter.They may sleep too much, have little energy, and crave sweets and starchy foods.Though symptoms can be severe, they usually clear up."Pathophysiology
2 Diagnostic criteria
3 Treatment
4 Throughout the world
4.Pathophysiology
Seasonal mood variations are believed to be related to light.Cloud cover may contribute to the negative effects of SAD.SAD can be a serious disorder and may require hospitalization.There is also potential risk of suicide in some patients experiencing SAD.At times, patients may not feel depressed, but rather lack energy to perform everyday activities.Florida and about 9 percent in the northern US.Various etiologies have been suggested.Subsyndromal Seasonal Affective Disorder is a milder form of SAD experienced by an estimated 14.Seasonal Affective Disorder, each with its own set of symptoms.Many patients use the light box in the morning, however it has not been proven any more effective than any other time of day.Patients using light therapy can experience improvement during the first week, but increased results are evident when continued throughout several weeks.Depending upon the patient, one treatment (ie.It was first described by the 6th century Goth scholar Jordanes in his Getica wherein he described the inhabitants of Scandza (Scandinavia).Canadians of wholly Icelandic descent also showed low levels of SAD.United States
In the United States, a diagnosis of seasonal affective disorder was first proposed by Norman E.Rosenthal wondered why he became sluggish during the winter after moving from sunny South Africa to New York.In Alaska it has been established that there is a SAD rate of 8.Irish people are affected by SAD, according to a survey conducted in 2007.It is important to discriminate the improved mood associated with recovery from the winter depression and a manic episode because there are important treatment differences.In these cases, persons with SAD may experience depression during the winter and hypomania in the summer.Levitt AJ, Levitan RD, Enns MW, Morehouse R, Michalak EE, Tam EM (2006).SAD Study: a randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of light therapy and fluoxetine in patients with winter seasonal affective disorder".Eder DN, Bolte MA, Hellekson CJ, Dunner DL, Vitiello MV, Prinz PN (2001)."The serotonin transporter promoter repeat length polymorphism, seasonal affective disorder and seasonality"."Bright light therapy of subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder in the workplace: morning vs."Controlled Trial of Naturalistic Dawn Simulation and Negative Air Ionization for Seasonal Affective Disorder".Blashko CA, Eagles JM, Darcourt G, Thompson C, Kasper S, Lane RM (2004).Germanae historica, V, Berlin, 1882."The prevalence of seasonal affective disorder is low among descendants of Icelandic emigrants in Canada".The affective spectrum is a grouping of related psychiatric and medical disorders which may accompany bipolar, unipolar, and schizoaffective disorders at statistically higher rates than would normally be expected.These disorders are identified by a common positive response to the same types of pharmacologic treatments.Please note that many of the terms above overlap."Affective spectrum disorder: does antidepressant response identify a family of disorders with a common pathophysiology?".This page was last modified on 21 May 2008, at 04:27.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.While those are common and normal reactions to the changing seasons, people with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) experience a much more serious reaction when summer shifts to fall and on to winter.With seasonal affective disorder, fall's short days and long nights may trigger feelings of depression, lethargy, fatigue and other problems.Seasonal affective disorder is a type of depression, and it can severely impair your daily life.You don't have to dread the dawning of each fall or winter.LEGAL CONDITIONS AND TERMS OF USE APPLICABLE TO ALL USERS OF THIS SITE.Checkout 100 Hottest CDs at Amazon.Checkout 100 Hottest DVDs at Amazon.Disorder and the genetics of affective disorders and
schizophrenia.Services and providers for Seasonal Affective Disorder in the U.Some people experience a serious mood change when the seasons change.They may sleep too much, have little energy, and crave sweets and starchy foods.This condition is seasonal affective disorder (SAD).It usually happens during the winter.Some experts think it's a lack of sunlight during winter, when the days are shorter.Light therapy, in which patients expose themselves to a special type of light for 30 minutes every day often helps.Article: Influence of timed nutrient diet on depression and light sensitivity...Article: Seasonal changes in mood and creative activity among eminent Italian...Dealing with seasonal affective disorder: how to beat...DYNAMIC CAMPAIGN ID IN QUERY
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hbx.What is seasonal affective disorder?How does my doctor know I have SAD?What is seasonal affective disorder?Seasonal affective disorder (also called SAD) is a type of depression that follows the seasons.The most common type of SAD is called winter depression.It usually begins in late fall or early winter and goes away by summer.SAD is more common in women than in men.Although some children and teenagers get SAD, it usually doesn't start in people younger than 20 years of age.For adults, the risk of SAD decreases as they get older.How does my doctor know I have SAD?Symptoms of summer depression include poor appetite, weight loss and insomnia.Either type of SAD may also include some of the symptoms that are present in other forms of depression.These symptoms include feelings of guilt, a loss of interest or pleasure in activities you used to enjoy, ongoing feelings of hopelessness, and physical problems, such as headaches.Symptoms of SAD keep coming back year after year, and they tend to come and go at about the same time every year.If your doctor suggests you try light therapy, you may use a specially made light box, or a light visor that you wear on your head like a cap.For people who have manic depressive disorders, skin that is sensitive to light, or medical conditions that make their eyes vulnerable to light damage, light therapy should be used with caution.Seasonal Affective Disorder: Winter Depression
Carol E.Incidence of SAD and relation to latitude
3.How we use the light box
5.Other treatments for SAD
6.Side effects of light therapy
7.Other uses of bright light therapy
10.Throughout the centuries, poets have described a sense of
sadness, loss and lethargy which can accompany the shortening days of fall and winter.Symptoms begin in the
fall, peak in the winter and usually resolve in the spring.If the symptoms are mild, no treatment may be necessary.If
they are problematic, then a mood stabilizer such as Lithium might be considered.There is
a smaller group of individuals who suffer from summer depression.The classic
major depression involves decreased appetite, decreased sleep, and often, poor appetite
and weight loss.Some, but not all of these atypical individuals also had a seasonal pattern.Some
people with winter depression also have mild or occasionally severe manic mood swings in
the spring and summer.If these episodes are severe, the individual might be diagnosed
with Bipolar Disorder.For instance, one person might feel fine all year in Maryland but develop SAD when she
moves to Toronto.Another individual may be symptomatic in Baltimore, but have few
symptoms in Miami.Some individuals who work long hours inside office buildings with few
windows may experience symptoms all year round.Some very sensitive individuals may note
changes in mood during long stretches of cloudy weather.In 1984, a psychiatrist at NIMH, Norman Rosenthal, published a
paper on the use of bright light therapy in patients with this disorder.Researchers are still investigating mode by which bright light can lift depression or
reset a sleep cycle.One theory is that an area of the brain, near the visual pathway, the
suprachiasmatic nucleus responds to light by sending out a signal to suppress the
secretion of a hormone called melatonin.Brain studies suggest that there is impairment
serotonin function in neurons leading to the suprachiasmatic nucleus.Initial theories suggested a pathway from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus.Before embarking on a course of light treatment, it is best to
have a complete psychiatric evaluation.Sometimes a medical illness or another psychiatric
condition can masquerade as depression.However, the amount of light needed varies widely from
individual to individual.Initially, researchers felt that one
needed full spectrum light.UV (ultraviolet) light can damage eyes and skin, so it must be filtered out.This measurement is important, and should be repeated daily for several days and
occasionally after that.It is fine to occasionally glance directly into the
light.Many people read a book or eat breakfast while using the lights.It is best to use the light source in an uninterrupted time block,
but it can be helpful even with some interruptions.Long term treatment compliance is often more difficult than one
might initially anticipate.It
is also helpful to have an outside objective individual to help monitor your response to
the treatment.There is no evidence that these low intensity bulbs affect mood or sleep
phase.Only highly motivated people will
continue their daily walk when it the rains or snows.For those who tend to crave sweets during the winter, eating a balanced
diet may help one's mood.Some individuals continue to have a certain amount of energy
fluctuation with the seasons.Light therapy, like
antidepressant medications, occasionally will cause someone to switch into a manic state.There has been debate on whether there might be long term retinal effects, but none have
been documented when lights with proper screening of UV wavelengths are used.Because this form of treatment is fairly new, many
doctors recommend a baseline eye exam and annual monitoring.The
autonomous cycle length varies at different periods in the life span.Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder (difficulty falling sleep and the urge to sleep
late) or Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder (tiring too early and waking too early) Both
conditions can be treated with bright light.In these conditions, improperly
timed light and dark exposure can make the problem worse, not better.Traveling west to east over three or more time zones is the most difficult shift.Large
forced changes in the timing of sleep periods can lead to irritability and decreased
alertness.Many people can deal with this by getting extra rest while traveling or by
switching to a job with a more regular schedule.However, for those who must deal with
frequent sleep timing changes, one may use a special calculator to help determine the
timing for exposure to light and darkness just before and during travel or shift change.Some use small timed doses of Melatonin to achieve the same purpose.The results have not been as striking as the results for SAD.The study on obesity was small and needs to be repeated
with a larger, more carefully selected group.The obese individuals may have lost weight
because their depression was better.Individuals whose PMS was worse in the winter
responded better to light therapy than individuals with PMS without a seasonal variation.
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