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Agent biography, Agent discography
The idea is that agents are not strictly invoked for a task, but activate themselves.What is not an agent ...Distinguishing agents from programs
2.Distinguishing agents from objects
2.Buyer agents (shopping bots)
4.User agents (personal agents)
4.Definition
The term "agent" describes a software abstraction, an idea, or a concept, similar to OOP terms such as methods, functions, and objects.The concept of an agent provides a convenient and powerful way to describe a complex software entity that is capable of acting with a certain degree of autonomy in order to accomplish tasks on behalf of its user.But unlike objects, which are defined in terms of methods and attributes, an agent is defined in terms of its behavior.Intelligent agents
The design of intelligent agents (or intelligent software agents) is a branch of artificial intelligence research.Adaptation implies sensing the environment and reconfiguring in response.Adaptation may also include other aspects of an agent's internal construction, such as recruiting processor or storage resources.All software agents in important applications are closely supervised by people who start them up, monitor and continually modify their behavior, and shut them down when necessary.Thus they become distributed agents and the considerations of distributed computing apply.Agent code is particularly easy to implement in a distributed fashion and should scale well.Characteristically such agents will not have all data or all methods available to achieve an objective (this can be referred to as "limited viewpoint") and thus will have to collaborate with other agents.Also, there may be little or no global control and thus such systems are sometimes referred to as swarm systems.As with distributed agents, data is decentralized and execution is asynchronous.Earlier, related fields include Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) and distributed problem solving (DPS).Agent code that moves itself, including its execution state, on to another processor, to continue execution there.This is also referred to as mobile code.Fuzzy agents
An agent employing fuzzy logic.What is not an agent ...It is not useful to prescribe what is, and what is not an agent.Distinguishing agents from objects
Agents are more autonomous than objects,
Agents have flexible behaviour: reactive, proactive, social.Agents have at least one thread of control but may have more.Expert systems are not designed for reactive, proactive behavior.Buyer agents (shopping bots)
These bots help Internet surfers find products and services they are searching for.This is because it is assumed the user tastes are relatively similar and they will be interested in the same products.User agents (personal agents)
These agents are meant to carry out tasks automatically for the user.Monitoring and Surveillance Agents are used to observe and report on equipment, usually computer systems.For example, the agents keep track of company inventory levels, observe competitors' prices and relay them back to the company, watch stock manipulation by insider trading and rumors, etc.Data mining agents
See also: Data mining agents
This agent uses information technology to find trends and patterns in an abundance of information from many different sources.The user can sort through this information in order to find whatever information they are seeking.Other examples
Some other examples of current Intelligent agents include some spam filters, game bots, and server monitoring tools.Search engine indexing bots also qualify as intelligent agents.For software agents to work together efficiently they must share semantics of their data elements.This can be done by having computer systems publish their metadata.Agent systems are used to model real world systems with concurrency or parallel processing.Concerns related to distributed computing, augmented by a few special concerns related to agents
The agent uses its access methods to go out into local and remote databases to forage for content.These access methods may include setting up news stream delivery to the agent, or retrieval from bulletin boards, or using a spider to walk the Web.Reasoning or inferencing machinery in order to decide what to do with the new content.If this process finds a good hit or match in the new content, the agent may use another piece of its machinery to do a more detailed search on the content.Finally, the agent may decide to take an action based on the new content; for example, to notify the user that an important event has occurred.If the user confirms that the event is important by acting quickly on the notification, the agent may also employ its learning machinery to increase its weighting for this kind of event.From the Latin agere (to do): an agreement to act on one's behalf.External links
Software Agents: An Overview, Hyacinth S.This page was last modified 06:03, 20 January 2008.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.The terms "agent" and "intelligent agent" are used in two different but related senses which are often confused.Intelligent agents are used for operator assistance or data mining (sometimes referred to as bots).In artificial intelligence, an intelligent agent is used for intelligent actors which observe and act upon an environment, in the sense of a rational agent: an entity that is capable of perception, action and goal directed behavior.There is no reason why these two notions of intelligent agent need to be related.An intelligent agent in the first sense might be implemented using conventional software techniques and display no more intelligence than a conventional computer program.On the other hand, an intelligent agent in the second sense might be wholly autonomous, carrying out its own agenda, and acting as an agent for no one.The program agent, instead, maps every possible percept to an action.Simple reflex agents
Simple reflex agents acts only on the basis of the current percept.This agent function only succeeds when the environment is fully observable.Some reflex agents can also contain information on their current state which allows them to disregard conditions whose actuators are already triggered.Its current state is stored inside the agent maintaining some kind of structure which describes the part of the world which cannot be seen.This allows the agent a way to choose among multiple possibilities, selecting the one which reaches a goal state.Learning agents
In some literature IAs are also referred to as autonomous intelligent agents, which means they act independently, and will learn and adapt to changing circumstances.World Agents (that incorporate a combination of all the other classes of agents to allow autonomous behaviors).Buyer agents travel around a network (i.User or Personal Agents
User agents, or personal agents, are intelligent agents that take action on your behalf.Play computer games as your opponent or patrol game areas for you
Assemble customized news reports for you.There are several versions of these, CNN being a prime example
Find information for you on the subject of your choice
Fill out forms on the Web automatically for you, storing your information for future reference
Scan Web pages looking for and highlighting text that constitutes the "important" part of the information there
"Discuss" topics with you ranging from your deepest fears to sports
3.These agents, also known as "predictive agents", are intelligent agents that observe and report on equipment.For example, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory has an agent that monitors inventory, planning, and scheduling equipment ordering to keep costs down, as well as food storage facilities.These agents usually monitor complex computer networks that can keep track of the configuration of each computer connected to the network.Data Mining Agents
A data mining agent operates in a data warehouse discovering information.Data mining agents can also detect major shifts in trends or a key indicator and can detect the presence of new information and alert you to it.International Journal of Intelligent Systems, Vol."Management Information Systems for the Information Age", 2006.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.The software agents mailing list.Rich Site Source (RSS) channel for AgentWeb.The complete AgentWeb site as a Netscape bookmark file.Are You Ready for Social Software?Is There an Intelligent Agent in Your Future?Is There an Intelligent Agent in Your Future?Robot Olympiad 2005 to Open in Seoul
Will Mr.Soccer Be In Your Stocking?Yannis Labrou of
UMBC ebiquity and the
UMBC Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Department.Copernic Agent Basic queries leading search engines to bring you back relevant, high quality results.Copernic Agent Basic gives you the ability to cover more of the Web and to get relevant, high quality results from more than 90 search engines grouped into categories.From a single query, Copernic Agent Basic gives you better search engine results by consulting multiple search engines at once, combining their results, removing duplicates and keeping only the very best of the information gathered from queried search engines.Where search engines end, Copernic Agent Basic is only just beginning.Copernic Agent Basic allows you to do a lot more than simply clicking on your
search results.Copernic Agent Basic also saves your searches for later use.Copernic Agent Basic provides an outstanding search experience through its ergonomically
designed and slick user interface.Even if Copernic Agent Basic offers many features
and customization options, it is still stunningly easy to use.You will quickly
feel comfortable with the comprehensive layout of commands.Take Copernic Agent Basic with you anywhere on the Web.The toolbar integrated
to Internet Explorer allows you to quickly and easily use Copernic Agent Basic
to search directly from your Web browser.Every search you start with this toolbar
is synchronized and replicated in Copernic Agent Basic.Copernic Agent Basic will always
be at your fingertips.Research being conducted by AI scientists
is enabling agents to become increasingly sophisticated, independent.Computational intelligence (also known as artificial intelligence, or AI) is the study of the design of 'intelligent agents'.An 'intelligent' agent is an agent that acts appropriately in order to satisfy its goals.That is, the agent must perceive its environment, decide what action to perform, and then carry out the action.Finally, taking actions can have different forms, depending on whether the agent has wheels, arms, or is entirely virtual.Organisations that have successfully implemented agent technologies include DaimlerChrysler, IBM and the Ministry of Defence.So what are agent technologies?The belief system of a virtual mind.Technically known as 'agents,' they are driven by a revolutionary software system known as PsychSim that enables programmers to simulate the cognitive faculties of human minds.Stacy Marsella, a leading agent researcher and one of the primary architects of PyschSim, declares that agents actually 'think for themselves.Agent, or just a Program?By Stan Franklin and Art Graesser, Institute for Intelligent Systems,
University of Memphis.Here we propose a formal definition of an autonomous agent which
clearly distinguishes a software agent from just any program.There an Intelligent Agent in Your Future?Chapter 7 of the textbook, Artificial Intelligence: A
Modern Approach (Second Edition), by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig.Logic will be the primary vehicle for representing
knowledge throughout Part III of the book.David Poole, Alan Mackworth and
Randy Goebel.Oxford University Press, New York (1998).At one level of abstraction, they each have four tasks: Modeling the environment ...Planning is essential for agents that act in an environment.To solve a goal intelligently, an agent needs to think about what it will do now and in the future.The Many Faces of Agents.Agents special issue of AI
Magazine.Edited by Tim Finin and Yannis Labrou at the University of Maryland,
Baltimore County.Be sure to see Agents 101 and Recommended Papers.By Lenny Foner, MIT Media Laboratory.Biological and Social Models of Intelligence: Agents Theories.Chapter One (available online) of George F.The society of agents is structured.Finally, the phenomenon of intelligence in this environment is 'emergent.Based on these observations, we define an agent as an element of a society that can perceive (often limited) aspects of its environment and affect that environment either directly or through cooperation with other agents.Planning group, School of Computer Science and Information Technology,
University of Nottingham.The Role of Intelligent Systems in the National Information Infrastructure.How are we to proceed in a science of embodied systems?Centre at The University of Birmingham.The Cognitive Agent Architecture grew out of a program by the U.AI in the news: Agents
AI and Agents: State of the Art.My contention is that AI research should focus on interactive, autonomous systems, that is, agents.Agents are not the panacea though.Published in the Communications
of the Association for Computing Machinery, special issue on Agents (ed.AI think, therefore I am.Making computers human is an idea as old as computers themselves, and what was initially a wild science fiction fantasy is gradually turning into fact.Much more than entertainment is at stake, of course.Already, such agents have been built to present the weather on mobile phones, drive trucks, monitor environments designed to support life on other planets and perform many other sophisticated tasks.Elves: Applying Agent Technology to Support Human Organizations.To assemble such an agent, it is necessary to perform a full integration of cognition (planning, understanding, and learning) and metacognition (control and monitoring of cognition) with intelligent behaviors.The failure to do this completely is why similar, more limited efforts have not succeeded in the past.Visit the author's homepage for links to his publications and research interests.MIT professor Pattie Maes has created a stir by making agents a household word....Now, however, agents are finding their way into the world in large part because of Maes's pioneering work.It is well known that building dependable software systems for dynamic environments is difficult.Software: Programs That Can Act Independently Will Ease the Burdens that
Computers Put on People.Pattie Maes on Software Agents: Humanizing the Global Computer.Interviewed by Charles Petrie and Meredith Wiggins.Robot Telescopes Comb the Skies.Wired News (September 21, 2004).ESTAR, a joint project of Liverpool John Moores University and Exeter University, developed intelligent autonomous software programs, known as agents, that will function as the brains of the network.Persistent Assistants: Living and Working with AI: Papers from the 2005 Spring Symposium, ed.This document discusses what it will take to enable a future in which intelligent agents play a significant role in personal and professional lives.Human Responsibility for Autonomous Agents.Automated or autonomous systems can sometimes fail harmlessly, but they can also destroy data, compromise privacy, and consume resources, such as bandwidth or server capacity.Controlling these dangers will increase trust while enabling broader use of these systems with higher degrees of safety.Obvious threats stem from design errors and software bugs, but we can't overlook mistaken assumptions by designers, unanticipated actions by humans, and interference from other computerized systems.Daniel Shapiro, Pauline Berry, John Gersh,and Nathan Schurr.Agents for Interactive Simulation Environments.Jones, Frank Koss, John E.Aware Autonomous Agents for Pervasive Healthcare.While objects and agents both encapsulate their state, objects have methods that will be executed if invoked by some other object.The object can't decide to offer that service to some objects but not others or to offer it at some times but not others.An agent can decide whether carrying out a request is in line with its goals and choose whether to perform the operation.This is why messages between agents are usually called something like 'requests' rather than 'invocation.This page provides a survey of agent construction
tools.The tools are categorized as either commercially available products
or academic and research projects.When, and Where to Use Software Agents.AgentLink III, as its name suggests, was the third project in the series and author of the roadmap.FAQs such as What is an agent?DS1, promises to make space exploration of the future more productive
and more exciting while staying within NASA's limited budget."CALO: Cognitive Assistant that Learns and Organizes.To focus the research on real problems and to ensure the software meets requirements such as privacy, security, and trust, the CALO project researchers will themselves use the technology during its development.The Intelligent Software Agents Lab at Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute envisions a world in which autonomous, intelligent software programs, known as software agents, undertake many of the operations performed by human users of the World Wide Web, as well as a multitude of other tasks.Describes projects involving agents in health information systems, web
searching, personal shopping, and more.Knowledge Rich Intelligent Agents at Soar Technology, Inc.At Soar Technology, we develop these agents for use in training systems, exploratory experimentation, and for embedded control of unmanned and robotic systems.The learning agents research group is led by Prof.Our aim is to understand how we can best create complete intelligent agents.We consider both adaptation and interaction to be essential capabilites of such agents.Thus, our research focuses mainly on machine learning, multiagent systems, and robotics.Application domains include robot soccer, autonomous bidding agents, traffic management, and autonomic computing.The Software Agents Group of the MIT Media Laboratory investigates computer systems to which one can delegate tasks.Third International Conference on Multiagent Systems.Business Week (June 23, 1997): 100.First International Conference on Multiagent Systems.Agents that Reduce Work and Information Overload.Communications of the ACM, Vol.Agents: Theory and Practice From Biology to Engineering and Back.AI by looking at the construction of more and more complex agents.Second International Conference on Multiagent Systems.
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