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Akhenaton biography, Akhenaton discography
BC), the predecessor of Tutankamen, and
husband of Nefertiti, Akhenaton radically
revised the Egyptian religious world by instituting a unique form of monotheism.His radical change in religion
was a direct challenge to the priestly caste.Akhenaton, on the other
hand, had effectively consolidated his power.An official statue
of Akhenaton as king.Some involve a change
in habits, attitudes or beliefs, others involve change in the
way people make a living or a change in the circumstance of life
as a whole.Most
people today when they hear the word revolution think of political
revolution and conjure up visions of terror, bloodshed and change
brought about by a few with the use of force.Revolution, therefore,
means threat, fear and something inherently evil to most people.Only a few use revolution to symbolize hope, promise and a better
life for all.These varied definitions of the concept of revolution indicate
that complete and drastic change never comes easily.If
revolution implies complete and drastic change, then revolutionaries
are people who try to bring about such changes.In most early
societies the land and people were considered to be the property
of god, and were controlled by him through his agents and priests.The Egyptian monarch or pharaoh, however, was not simply a priest
mediating between god and man; the monarch was himself a god.Early in the fourth millennium there are already indications that
the Egyptians apparently tried to preserve and protect the physical
remains of the dead and to provide them for use after death with
the food and furnishings that had been valuable during life.The
building of elaborate tombs and gigantic pyramids was an expression
of this belief in the afterlife.The basic reason was to protect and preserve, in as many
ways as could be devised, the existence of the individual, together
with the environment which he regarded as necessary to the good
life.Ultimately, an intricate theological
tangle developed, resolved for the most part in a complicated
but skillful theological system of identifications and hierarchy.The system held the sun, usually by the name of Ra, as the supreme
cosmic power.This Trinity had to do originally with
the vital forces of generation in the Nile and the earth.Osiris
represented the fertilizing power of the Nile, Isis the reproductive
earth and Horus the vital force in the vegetation which was the
fruit of the union of the first two.This involved an annual rhythm.It was Osiris
who brought Horus to life by coming into him, thus Horus was Osiris
reappearing as Osiris again in the rising river.This seems to us to be excessively mysterious and figurative.But to the Egyptians it made as much sense as the mathematics
of biochemistry and genetics make to us.These
same divine forces active in the Nile, the earth and vegetation
were considered active in human life as well, at least in the
life of the Pharaoh.Though the king died, a living king survived
in the person .But since the king was Osiris,
Horus had become Osiris.Neither of them ever really died, despite appearances.Thus physically the Pharaoh was the human embodiment of the divine
powers sf the Nile and .Later on this concept was applied to mankind
in general.Thus human life and immortality were merged in
the same process as natural and cosmic life and vitality.This pharaoh was the son of Amenhotep III, who was a kind of Louis
XIV of his world, and his queen Tiy was apparently not sf royal
blood and may even have been a foreigner, possibly Negroid.The
features in her portraits are of a different cast from those of
the portraits of native Egyptians.She may have suffered from
an ailment which affected her physical structure.Amenhotep
IV was of peculiar physique, and thus set a kind of common fashion
which influenced the portraits sf other members of the court.Although still embodied in the sun, this concept, called Aton,
was understood more abstractly and monotheistically.To begin with he changed
the capital from Thebes to a new place in middle Egypt called
Amarna.He reversed the entire foreign policy of Egypt
by abandoning efforts to extend or even maintain Egyptian power
outside the Nile valley.It was something like an immediate and unconditional
withdrawal from Vietnam.The immediate result was a powerful opposition
within Egypt from those who, for material interests or mere ideological
reasons, resented the changes.The greater
Asian powers tried to win for themselves larger territories.Akhenaton died after only fifteen years of rule.Now lets look at this
first revolution in history more closely to see what we can learn
from it.The First Revolutionary in History When Amenhotep became
pharaoh a sharp struggle began between the royal house and the
organized priests of Amon.Imperialistic
war is frequently used as a way to prevent revolution or reform
at home.However these were intelligible only in Egypt, and Amenhotep
had a wider arena in view.The new symbol depicted the sin as
a disk from which diverging beams radiated downward, each ray
terminating in a human hand.It is evident that what the king was deifying was the force by
which the Sun made himself felt on earth.Thus all men could benefit
by it.These erasures were not confined to the name of
Amon.Similar centers were also built in other
parts of the Empire, in Nubia (Sudan) and Syria.God no longer of the Nile
valley alone, but of all men and all the world.The obvious dependence of Egypt on the Nile made it impossible
to ignore this agency of life, and there is nothing which discloses
more clearly the surprising rationalism of Akhenaton than the
fact that he stripped off without hesitation the venerable body
of myth and tradition which deified the Nile as Osiris, and attributed
the flooding to natural forces controlled by his god, who in like
solicitude for other lands made a Nile for them in the sky.In this respect Akhenaton's revolution consists of the gospel
of beauty and beneficence of the natural order, a recognition
of the message of nature to the soul of man.The breath of nature
had touched life and art at the same time and quickened them with
a new vision.Even the king's relations with his family became
natural and unrestrained.He was determined to establish a world
of things as they are, in wholesome naturalness.Such fundamental
changes as these, on a moment's reflection, suggest what an overwhelming
tide of inherited thought, custom, and tradition had been diverted
from its channel by the young king who was guiding this revolution.Until Akhenaton the history of the world had been but
the irresistible drift of tradition.Akhenaton was the first individual
in history.Consciously and deliberately, by intellectual process
he gained his position, and then placed himself squarely in the
face of tradition and swept it aside.Bakers no longer made a living from the sale of
ceremonial cakes at the temple feasts.Craftsmen no longer sold
holy trinkets of the old gods at the temple gateway.Actors and priestly mimes were driven away from the sacred groves
of Osiris by the police: Normally they would have presented the
''passion play, reenacting the drama of the life, death and resurrection
of Osiris.Peasants no longer erected crude images of the gods in the field
to drive away terrible demons sf drought and famine.Mothers no
longer dared to pray with their little ones at bedtime to shield
them from the demons of darkness.In the midst of a whole land
thus darkened by clouds of smouldering discontent, this marvelous
young king, and the group of sympathizers who served under him
set up their tabernacle to the daily light, in serene unconsciousness
of the total darkness that enveloped all around and grew daily
darker and more threatening.When we place the revolutionary movement of Akhenaton against
this background of popular discontent and then add to it the secret
opposition of a powerful priesthood, a powerful army which disliked
the king's peace policy, we begin to appreciate the powerful individuality
of this first intellectual leader in history.Akhenaton was the world's first
revolutionary, and he was fully convinced that he might entirely
recast the world of religion, thought, and life by the invincible
purpose he held.Like all true revolutionaries at all times Akhenaton
was fully persuaded that his ideas were right and that all men
would eventually benefit by them.Egyptologists are mystified by the lives of Akhenaton, Smenkhkare, and Nefernefruaten, as well
they might be.Amenhotep IV (later changing his
name to Akhenaton) seems to have been ignored by the rest of the family.His name wasn't
even mentioned on monuments!However, Akhenaton appears to have been immensely important to Queen Tyi, the most
powerful person in Egypt outside of Amenhotep III.When Amenhotep III died, Tyi made her
teenage son Pharaoh of Egypt.Immediately, the young Pharaoh instructed a temple be built at Karnac, the religious center of
Thebes.Those features were, in fact, so realistically portrayed that, in later centuries, Egyptologists would
recognize what was most probably Marfan's syndrome.Some archeologists have difficulty believing a Pharaoh had such a feminine appearance and
theorize that, because Aton the Sun God was androgynous, Amenhotep IV was made to appear
androgynous.Yes, the young Pharaoh to be, was secreted away, hardly spoken about, not immortalized with
statues, nor honors, not until he ascended to the throne of Egypt.Statues and representations of Smenkhkare and Nefertiti show the same elongated faces, toes,
fingers, and wide hips of Akhenaton!Harris published the first of two pioneering
articles proposing that Nefertiti, Akhenaton's Queen, was also his coregent Smenkhkare.Thus, my interpretation of the facts is not entirely out of step
with respected authority.Smenkhkare became Pharaoh and died a
couple years later.What
is the explanation for these oddities?Can we just dismiss them cavalierly?Almost surely Akhenaton inherited the genetic syndrome we call Marfan's.It seems likely he also
had physical features that gave him a feminine appearance.Akhenaton's family seem to all have
had Marfan's Syndrome and presumably his other physical and sexual anomalies as well.Smenkhkare is shown with the same features.Some Egyptologists think he may have been
Akhenaton's son.The god Aten gives the breath of immortal life to Akhenaton and Nefertiti (with the only
exceptions being Amenhotep III and Queen Tyi.Why then did the artist of the Meryre II relief
dare to break this imperative theological tenet in favor of Smenkhkare while Akhenaton was still
alive and senior regent?Why was Smenkhkare buried in the tomb meant for Nefertiti?What are
we to make of the suggestion that Smenkhkare and Akhenaton were lovers?Could it be that Nefertiti was not Smenkhkare, as some archeologists still think, but that
Smenkhkare was, instead, Nefertiti?Nefertiti as Smenkhkare leaves a number of puzzling
questions unanswered, in fact it leaves them unanswerable.Why was Smenkhkare buried in the
tomb of Nefertiti?Why has no tomb been discovered with the body of Nefertiti?Why did
Nefertiti disappear from the face of the earth when Smenkhkare took over as Pharaoh upon the
death of Akhenaton?Why did Nefertiti not object to Smenkhkare and Akhenaton being lovers?Smenkhkare as Nefertiti answers the many questions!This conjecture explains all the facts creating only one
questionable fact.Akhenaton had a number of children.But Akhenaton also had a concubine and his children could just as readily been from
the concubine.Of course, no one, no matter how learned, has the answer to the riddles and mysteries
surrounding these, the most powerful and influential rulers of Egypt.Joan Lansberry's note:)
It is August 23, 2003.Joann Fletcher, a member of a British archaeological team from York University, working in Egypt, believes they have unearthed Nefertiti from a secret tomb (KV35) in the Valley of Kings, walled up in a side chamber of the tomb of King AmenhotepII.Fletcher has her explanations for this.While married to Akhenaten, she fully supported his sun god Aton, but after his death, she went back to the poly gods that were popular before.However, in helping her husband and his religious quests, she greatly angered the priests of the earlier gods.However, not everyone agrees with Fletcher's findings.Some are saying this mummy and the two others accompanying it, each damaged as well, are more likely to be queen Tiye and pharaoh Amenhotep's son and youngest daughter.But, as Laura said, queen Tiye was also the mother of Akhenaten, (then known as Amenhotep IV).If Akhenaten separated himself from them by choosing the monotheistic god, why would they bash Queen Tiye's mouth in?Was declaring him Pharaoh after Amenhotep III died enough?Yet she might not have supported her son's and his wife's religious activities and indeed at time of coronation may have had no idea such was to come.Smenkhkare as 'male to female'.Even as we watched the documentary, there seemed to be much initial hesitation on the mummy's basics by those accompanying Fletcher as they examined the mummy, for exactly how how old, and what gender it was.They can only have any certainty if a DNA test is done, but the British team was not allowed to do this by the Egyptian government.He wears the royal pectoral, and bracelets on both wrists.Amon at the end of the Amarnian Heresy).Unfortunately, we have little iconography available to verify this theory.Whether Marfan's syndrome, or some other cause, these regals were definitely physically transgendered."We will all miss him, your highness!He was the greatest of the Pharoahs," replied Nefertiti's hairdresser, all the while trimming Nefertiti's locks to befit (he)r new life as King and Pharoah of Egypt."Oh my lady," replied the hairdresser, "please, say this is not true!"Egypt loved your husband and loves you ...And my queen, if I may say so, your sacrifice will long be remembered and you will always be held in awe, the epitome of womanhood!Nefertiti as the last of (he)r hair was cut short.Rising from (he)r chair, s(he) let (he)r robes slip from (he)r shoulders.All of Egypt mourned the passing of Akhenaton.Akhenaton (Akhenaten) ruled Egypt from about
1350 to 1334 B.Akhenaton) is on the right.Akhenaton was originally known as
Amenhotep IV.His wife was Nefertiti, who was famous for her beauty.Nowadays, Akhenaton is famous for introducing monotheism (one god) to
Egypt.He built a new capital
city, Akhetaten (Amarna), outlawed all other gods, and changed his name to
Akhenaton.And Egypt's economy and
influence in the middle east declined.During his reign, Egyptian art became
more realistic.The king was portrayed as somewhat disfigured, with a long
face, fat thighs, and breasts.Eventually other members of his family were portrayed in a similar way.Recently, it has been suggested that Akhenaton had Marfan Syndrome, which often
distorts a person's features as seen in pictures of Akhenaton.It is not known how Akhenaton died.Under them and later kings, Egypt returned to their old gods.Akhenaton's name
was chiseled from his monuments.His city of Akhetaten was abandoned, and used
as a rock quarry.His name (and the names of his successors) never appeared on
king lists.AkhenatonAKA Neferkheperure Amenhotep IVBorn: c.BCLocation of death: EgyptCause of death: unspecifiedRemains: Mummified, unknownGender: MaleReligion: OtherRace or Ethnicity: Middle EasternSexual orientation: StraightOccupation: RoyaltyNationality: Ancient EgyptExecutive summary: Blasphemous PharaohAkhenaton, Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt, ruled some thirteen centuries before Christ, in a time and place where government and religion were inextricably intermingled.Akhenaton's decree is believed to have instituted humanity's first known organized monotheism.To go with this newly decreed religion, the Pharaoh changed his own name from Amenhotep to "Akhenaton", meaning, "servant of Aton".Though his god and the gods he banished are forgotten today by all but historians, Akhenaton is still remembered as the Heretic Pharaoh, "false prophet" of Egypt.Akhenaton is believed to have taken two of his daughters, Ankhesenpaaten and Meketaten, as sexual consorts.Ankhesenpaaten was Akhenaton's daughter by his greater queen, Nefertiti, and later married Tutankhamun, his son by his lesser queen, Tiya.His successor, the famed King Tutankhamun, restored the worship of Amon and the other gods Akhenaton had banned.Amenhotep IV to Akhenaton, meaning "Aton is satisfied."Not much is known of his early life.Egypt, by order of Akhenaten.Meritaten, to Thebes, where he began to restore the temples of Amun.As a rock on the seashore he standeth firm, and the dashing of the waves disturbeth him not.Man never is so happy as when he giveth happiness unto another.Labour not after riches first, and think thou afterwards wilt enjoy them.He who neglecteth the present moment, throweth away all that he hath.Akhenaton Also Known as A...
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