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Brain Damage biography, Brain Damage discography
This article does not cite any references or sources.May 2007)
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.For other uses, see Brain damage (disambiguation).Brain damage or brain injury is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells.Brain damage may occur due to a wide range of conditions, illnesses, injuries, and as a result of iatrogenesis.Possible causes of widespread (diffuse) brain damage include prolonged hypoxia (shortage of oxygen), poisoning by teratogens (including alcohol), infection, and neurological illness.Chemotherapy can cause brain damage to the neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte cells that produce myelin.Common causes of focal or localized brain damage are physical trauma (traumatic brain injury), stroke, aneurysm, surgery, or neurological illness.The extent and effect of brain injury is often assessed by the use of neurological examination, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological assessment.Severe brain damage may result in persistent vegetative state, coma, or death.Various professions may be involved in the medical care and rehabilitation of someone who suffers impairment after brain damage.Neuropsychologists (especially clinical neuropsychologists) are psychologists who specialise in understanding the effects of brain injury and may be involved in assessing the extent of brain damage or creating rehabilitation programmes.It is a common misconception that brain damage sustained during childhood has a better chance of successful recovery than similar injury acquired in adult life.It is contested that in recent studies, severe brain damage inflicted upon children can be alleviated by the interaction of nicotinamide repropagation in nerve cells.This is because different cortical areas mature at different stages, with some major cell populations and their corresponding cognitive faculties remaining unrefined until early adulthood.British progressive rock band Pink Floyd's 1973 album, The Dark Side of the Moon.It was sung by Roger Waters.David Gilmour took over as lead vocalist when the band performed it live on the band's 1994 tour (as can be seen on P*U*L*S*E).Composition
When the band reconvened after the American leg of the Meddle tour, Roger Waters brought with him a prototype version of "Brain Damage" along with other songs such as "Money".The song seemed to be partially inspired by their former band member Syd Barrett who had endured mental breakdown.After road testing the new suite entitled "A Piece for Assorted Lunatics", the song was recorded in October along with "Any Colour You Like"."If" and "Grantchester Meadows", Brain Damage uses a simple melody and delivery.It is approximately 3 minutes, 50 seconds in length.Although the actual name of the song is "Brain Damage," it is often mistakenly labelled "Dark Side of the Moon" because the recurring lyric in the song is the title of the album.Furthermore, since "Brain Damage" is always followed by "Eclipse" when played on the radio and because "Brain Damage" runs into "Eclipse," it gives the impression that they are one song.Syd Barrett's behavior towards the end of his tenure with the band; due to his mental problems, there were more than a few occasions where Barrett would actually play a different song than the rest of the band in the middle of a performance.The song features a rather famous opening line, "The lunatic is on the grass..."The lyrics towards the end of the song refer to a frontal lobotomy.Alternative and Live versions
On the P*U*L*S*E concert DVD and CD, the song is sung by David Gilmour instead of Roger Waters.In the Flesh: Live features the song and it was played as an encore at the end of the concert along with Eclipse which was segued into as on the album.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.Traumatic Brain Injury: Hope Through ResearchTable of Contents (click to jump to sections)What is Traumatic Brain Injury?What research is being done?What is Traumatic Brain Injury?TBI can result when the head suddenly and violently hits an object, or when an object pierces the skull
and enters brain tissue.Primary concerns include insuring proper oxygen supply to the brain and the rest of the body,
maintaining adequate blood flow, and controlling blood pressure.Imaging tests help in determining the diagnosis and prognosis
of a TBI patient.For moderate to severe cases, the imaging test is a computed tomography (CT) scan.Disabilities resulting from a TBI depend upon the severity of the injury, the location
of the injury, and the age and general health of the individual.The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) conducts TBI research in its laboratories at the National
Institutes of Health (NIH) and also supports TBI research through grants to major medical institutions across the country.Brain Injury Association of America, Inc.Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services400 Maryland Ave.Credit to the NINDS or the NIH is appreciated.This video will appear on your blog shortly.Thank you for flagging this video.Content of this nature is not necessarily prohibited on YouTube, however we will review this video and take action as appropriate.There may be significant legal penalties for false notices.Please refer to our Help Center for more information and the form to submit.Thank you for sharing this video!We're off to outer space.SYMPTOMS OF BRAIN INJURY
Any brain function can be disrupted by brain trauma: excessive sleepiness, inattention, difficulty concentrating, impaired
memory, faulty judgment, depression, irritability, emotional outbursts, disturbed sleep, diminished libido, difficulty
switching between two tasks, and slowed thinking.Sorting out bonafide brain damage from the effects of migraine headaches,
pain elsewhere in the body, medications, depression, preoccupation with financial loss, job status, loss of status in the
community, loss of status in the family, and any ongoing litigation can be a formibable task.For example, the frontal lobes play
an essential role in drive, mood, personality, judgment, interpersonal behavior, attention, foresight, and inhibition of
inappropriate behavior.Frontal lobe
injury is often associated with damage to the olfactory bulbs beneath the frontal lobes.Patients may note reduced or altered
sense of smell.In general, symptoms of traumatic brain injury should lessen over time as the brain heals but sometimes the symptoms worsen
because of the patient's inability to adapt to the brain injury.SYMPTOM CHECKLIST
A wide variety of symptoms can occur after "brain injury."The nature of the symptoms depends, in large part, on where the
brain has been injured.Frontal Lobe: Forehead
Loss of simple movement of various body parts (Paralysis).Loss of spontaneity in interacting with others.Loss of flexibility in thinking.Persistence of a single thought (Perseveration).Inability to name an object (Anomia).Inability to locate the words for writing (Agraphia).Difficulty in distinguishing left from right.Inability to focus visual attention.Difficulties with eye and hand coordination.Difficulty with locating objects in environment.Difficulty with identifying colors (Color Agnosia).Difficulty in recognizing drawn objects.Inability to catagorize objects (Categorization).Sleeping difficulties (Insomnia, sleep apnea).Inability to reach out and grab objects.Inability to make rapid movements.Running with Search Engine Friendly Mod 5.What is traumatic brain injury?Who suffers from head trauma?What are the cognitive and communication problems that result from traumatic brain injury?How are the cognitive and communication problems assessed?How are the cognitive and communication problems treated?Where can I get additional information?Traumatic brain injury is sudden physical damage to the brain.Other causes include falls, sports injuries, violent crimes, and child abuse.The physical, behavioral, or mental changes that may result from head trauma depend on the areas of the brain that are injured.Most injuries cause focal brain damage, damage confined to a small area of the brain.The diffuse damage occurs when the impact of the injury causes the brain to move back and forth against the inside of the bony skull.Because these major speech and language areas often receive damage, communication difficulties frequently occur following closed head injuries.Other problems may include voice, swallowing, walking, balance, and coordination difficulties, as well as changes in the ability to smell and in memory and cognitive (or thinking) skills.Top
Who suffers from head trauma?Head trauma can affect anyone at any age.Approximately 200,000 Americans die each year from their injuries.About 10 percent of the surviving individuals have mild to moderate problems that threaten their ability to live independently.Another 200,000 have serious problems that may require institutionalization or some other form of close supervision.Top
What are the cognitive and communication problems that result from traumatic brain injury?These problems depend on many factors which include an individual's personality, preinjury abilities, and the severity of the brain damage.The effects of the brain damage are generally greatest immediately following the injury.The newly injured brain often suffers temporary damage from swelling and a form of "bruising" called contusions.These types of damage are usually not permanent and the functions of those areas of the brain return once the swelling or bruising goes away.In moderate to severe injuries, the swelling may cause pressure on a lower part of the brain called the brainstem, which controls consciousness or wakefulness.Many individuals who suffer these types of injuries are in an unconscious state called a coma.Some individuals will experience difficulty learning new information.Still others will be unable to interpret the actions of others and therefore have great problems in social situations.For example, when asking for help finding a belt while dressing, an individual may ask for "the circular cow thing that I used yesterday and before."Individuals with traumatic brain injuries are often unaware of their errors and can become frustrated or angry and place the blame for communication difficulties on the person to whom they are speaking.Reading and writing abilities are often worse than those for speaking and understanding spoken words.Simple and complex mathematical abilities are often affected.The speech produced by a person who has traumatic brain injury may be slow, slurred, and difficult or impossible to understand if the areas of the brain that control the muscles of the speech mechanism are damaged.Occupational therapists also assess cognitive skills related to the individual's ability to perform "activities of daily living" (ADL) such as dressing or preparing meals.An audiologist should assess hearing.Top
How are the cognitive and communication problems treated?This early therapy will frequently center on increasing skills of alertness and attention.For others, the goal may be to express needs by pointing to pictures.For still others, the goal of therapy may be to improve the ability to define words or describe consequences of actions or events.Therapy will focus on regaining lost skills as well as learning ways to compensate for abilities that have been permanently changed because of the brain injury.Top
What research is being done for the cognitive and communication problems caused by traumatic brain injury?Scientists are designing new evaluation tools to assess the special problems that children who have suffered traumatic brain injuries encounter.In addition, research is examining the effects of some medications on the recovery of speech, language, and cognitive abilities following traumatic brain injury.Top
Where can I get more information?NIDCD maintains a directory of organizations that can answer questions and provide printed or electronic information on traumatic brain injury.Please see the list of organizations at www.Url to be current translated CMS Url
__CMS_PostbackForm.The term cerebral hypoxia technically refers to lack of oxygen supply to the cerebral hemispheres (the outer portion of the brain).However, it is more typically used to refer to a lack of oxygen supply to the entire brain.These include, but are not limited to:
Drowning
Drug overdose
Asphyxiation caused by smoke inhalation
Very low blood pressure
Strangulation
Injuries during birth
Cardiac arrest (when the heart stops pumping)
Carbon monoxide poisoning
High altitudes
Choking
Compression of the trachea
Complications of general anesthesia
Diseases that paralyze the respiratory muscles
Brain cells are extremely sensitive to oxygen deprivation.As a result, brain hypoxia can kill or cause severe brain damage rapidly.This is an emergency condition and the sooner medical attention is given and the oxygen supply restored, the lower the chances of severe brain damage and death.In mild cases, hypoxia causes only inattentiveness, poor judgment, and uncoordinated movement.Only blood pressure and heart function are maintained.Testing is targeted at determining the cause of the hypoxia.Treatment depends on the underlying cause.Sometimes cooling with blankets (hypothermia) is used, because much of the brain damage in hypoxia is caused by heat.Those who suffer the condition (if it is caused by drowning, for instance) in cold temperatures generally survive longer than those who are affected in higher temperatures.The outlook depends on the extent of the hypoxic brain injury, which is determined by how long the brain was deprived of oxygen.The longer the patient is unconscious, the higher the chances of death or brain death, and the lower the chances of a meaningful recovery.Prolonged vegetative state is usually followed by death in less than 1 year, although, rarely, it may last longer.Cerebral hypoxia is a medical emergency, when every moment is critical for a chance of meaningful survival.Call 911 IMMEDIATELY if someone you are with is losing consciousness or has other symptoms consistent with cerebral hypoxia.This makes the condition somewhat difficult to prevent.The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition.Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
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