Calder biography, Calder discography
He is renowned for the invention of the mobile, whose suspended, abstract elements move and balance in changing harmony.Calder also devoted himself to making outdoor sculpture on a grand scale from bolted sheet steel.Today, these stately titans grace public plazas in cities throughout the world.For other persons named Alexander Calder, see Alexander Calder (disambiguation).This article does not cite any references or sources.May 2008)
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.November 11, 1976), also known as Sandy Calder, was an American sculptor and artist most famous for inventing the mobile.In addition to mobile and stabile sculpture, Alexander Calder also created paintings, lithographs, toys and tapestry and designed carpets.Childhood
Born in Lawnton, Pennsylvania, on July 22, 1898, Calder came from a family of artists.Alexander Milne Calder, was born in Scotland and immigrated to Philadelphia in 1868.Julian and the Sorbonne in Paris from around 1888 until 1893.Calder, was born in 1896.Her married name was Margaret Calder Hayes, and she was instrumental in the development of the UC Berkeley Art Museum.In that same year, he completed his earliest sculpture, a clay elephant.Oracle, Arizona, leaving the children in the care of family friends for a year.In 1909, when Calder was in the fourth grade, he sculpted a dog and a duck out of sheet brass as Christmas gifts for his parents.The sculptures were three dimensional and the duck was kinetic because it rocked when gently tapped.In Croton, during his early high school years, Calder was befriended by the painter Everett Shinn with whom he built a gravity powered system of mechanical trains.As Calder described:
We ran the train on wooden rails held by spikes; a chunk of iron racing down the incline speeded the cars.While living in Spuyten Duyvil, Calder attended Yonkers High.In 1912, Stirling Calder was appointed acting chief of the Department of Sculpture of the Panama Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco.He began work on sculptures for the exposition that was held in 1915.Calder graduated in the class of 1915.In 1915, Calder decided to study mechanical engineering after learning about the discipline from a classmate at Lowell High School named Hyde Lewis.Stirling Calder arranged for his son's enrollment at the Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey.Calder joined the football team during his freshman year at Stevens and practiced with the team all four years, but he never played in a game.He also played lacrosse, at which he was more successful.He was a member of the Delta Tau Delta fraternity.In the summer of 1916, Calder spent five weeks training at the Plattsburg Civilian Military Training Camp.Painted sheet metal and metal rods, Montreal Museum of Fine Arts.Calder received a degree from Stevens in 1919.For the next several years, he worked a variety of engineering jobs, including working as a hydraulics engineer and a draughtsman for the New York Edison Company, but he was not content in any of the roles.In June 1922, Calder started work as a fireman in the boiler room of the passenger ship H.While the ship sailed from San Francisco to New York City, Calder woke on deck off the Guatemalan Coast and witnessed both the sun rising and the moon setting on opposite horizons.Alexander docked in San Francisco and Calder traveled up to Aberdeen, Washington where his sister lived with her husband, Kenneth Hayes.Calder took a job as a timekeeper at a logging camp.The mountain scenery inspired him to write home to request paints and brushes.Shortly after this, Calder decided to move back to New York to pursue a career as an artist.Calder became fascinated with the circus, a theme that would reappear in his later work.At the suggestion of a Serbian toy merchant, he began to create toys with articulation.Designed to fit into suitcases (it eventually grew to fill five), Calder could travel with his circus and hold performances on both sides of the Atlantic.He gave elaborately improvised shows, recreating the performance of a real circus.Some months Calder would charge an entrance fee to pay his rent.Man, a "stabile" by Alexander Calder; Terre des Hommes (Expo 67 fairground), Saint Helen's Island, Montreal.In 1927, Calder returned to the United States.Gould Manufacturing Company, in Oshkosh, WI.His originals, as well as playable replicas, are on display in the Berkshire Museum in Pittsfield, Massachusetts.In 1928, Calder held his first solo show at a commercial gallery at the Weyhe Gallery in New York City.In 1934, he had his first solo museum exhibition in the United States at The Renaissance Society at the University of Chicago.In 1929, Calder had his first solo show of wire sculpture in Paris at Galerie Billiet.The painter Jules Pascin, a friend of Calder's from the cafes of Montparnasse, wrote the preface.In June of 1929, while traveling from Paris to New York, Calder met his future wife, Louisa James, grandniece of author Henry James and philosopher William James.Piet Mondrian's studio in 1930 "shocked" him into embracing abstract art.The Cirque Calder can be seen as the start of Calder's interest in both wire sculpture and kinetic art.He maintained a sharp eye with respect to the engineering balance of the sculptures and utilized these to develop the kinetic sculptures Duchamp would ultimately dub as "mobiles".However, it was the mixture of his experiments to develop purely abstract sculpture following his visit with Mondrian that lead to his first truly kinetic sculptures, manipulated by means of cranks and pulleys.From this, Calder's true "mobiles" were born.Calder and Louisa returned to America in 1933 to settle in a farmhouse they purchased in Roxbury, Connecticut, where they raised a family (first daughter, Sandra born 1935, second daughter, Mary, in 1939).Calder continued to give "Cirque Calder" performances but also worked with Martha Graham, designing stage sets for her ballets and created a moving stage construction to accompany Eric Satie's Socrate in 1936.During World War II, Calder attempted to join the Marines as a camofleur, but was rejected.Instead, he continued to sculpt, but a scarcity of metal led to him producing work in carved wood.Calder's first retrospective was held in 1938 at George Walter Vincent Smith Gallery in Springfield, Massachusetts.Calder retrospective, curated by James Johnson Sweeney and Marcel Duchamp.Calder was one of 250 sculptors who exhibited in the 3rd Sculpture International held at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the summer of 1949.In the 1950s, Calder increasingly concentrated his efforts on producing monumental sculptures.Calder's largest sculpture, at 20."El Sol Rojo", constructed for the Olympic games in Mexico City.Calder created a sculpture called WTC Stabile (also known as The Cockeyed Propeller and Three Wings), which in 1971 was installed at the entrance of the World Trade Center's North Tower.Calder died on November 11, 1976, shortly following the opening of another major retrospective show at the Whitney Museum in New York.Calder had been working on a third plane, entitled Tribute to Mexico, when he died.On January 10, 1977, Calder was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian honor, by President Gerald Ford.Representatives of the Calder family reportedly boycotted the ceremony to make a statement favoring amnesty for Vietnam War draft resisters.Cone d'ebene (1933), ebony, metal bar and wire; early suspended mobile (first was made in 1932).Cheval Rouge (Red Horse) (1974), red painted sheet metal, at the National Gallery, Washington, D.The Joyous Environment of Alexander Calder.Chang, New York, 1998, ISBN 1556706553
Prather, Marla.Alexander Calder mobile
Guggenheim collection Alexander Calder bio.December 1998 Alexander Calder bio.Persons
Clan Calder, a Highland Scottish clan.Scottish author, journalist and academic, father of:
Nigel Calder (b.British science writer, father of:
Simon Calder (b.Canadian politician, plaintiff in:
Calder v.Stephen Edward (Sam) Calder (b.Australian politician
John Calder (b.Calder Publishing
Clive Calder (b.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them.Paul Lim
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