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Chalice biography, Chalice discography
This modern celebration of the Eucharist retains the original elements of the Last Supper, the bread and the chalice.In Christian tradition the Holy Chalice is the vessel which Jesus used at the Last Supper to serve the wine.The Gospel of Matthew says
"And he took a cup and when he had given thanks he gave it to them saying 'Drink this, all of you; for this is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins.AD), in his homily on Matthew asserted:
"The table was not of silver, the chalice was not of gold in which Christ gave His blood to His disciples to drink, and yet everything there was precious and truly fit to inspire awe."Herbert Thurston in the Catholic Encyclopedia 1908 concluded that:
"No reliable tradition has been preserved to us regarding the vessel used by Christ at the Last Supper.In the sixth and seventh centuries pilgrims to Jerusalem were led to believe that the actual chalice was still venerated in the church of the Holy Sepulchre, having within it the sponge which was presented to Our Saviour on Calvary."Catholic tradition
2 Association with the "Holy Grail"
3 Iconography of the Holy Chalice
4 Four medieval relics
4.See also
6 References
6.Early Christians celebrating Communion at an Agape Feast, from the Catacomb of Ss.According to Roman Catholic tradition, the cup of the Last Supper, known as the Holy Chalice, was safeguarded by Saint Peter, who used it to say Mass, and took it with him when he travelled to Rome.The continuing tradition of the association of the Holy Chalice with Spain is that it was safeguarded by a series of Spanish monarchs, including King Alfonso in 1200.At one point when he needed money for a military campaign, Alfonso borrowed from the Cathedral of Valencia, using the Chalice as collateral.When he defaulted on the loan, the relic became the property of the church (see Holy Chalice of Valencia, below).This conflicts with the notion that Peter might have used the cup of the Last Supper to celebrate the Mass.Although the traditions of the Holy Chalice and the Holy Grail seem irreconcilable, there is an underlying concept.Oral tradition, poems and bardic tales combined the stories of the Holy Chalice and the Holy Grail.The iconic significance of the Chalice grew during the Early Middle Ages.Gotland (illustration, right), when Jesus prays in the Garden of Gethsemane, it is a prefigured apparition of the Holy Chalice that stands at the top of the mountain.Hand of God and the haloed figure of Jesus, the halo image atop the chalice, as if of a consecrated communion wafer, completes the Trinity by embodying the Holy Spirit.Four medieval relics
During the Middle Ages, three major contenders for the position of Holy Chalice stood out from the rest, one in Jerusalem, one in Genoa and the third in Valencia.Holy Chalice when it was discovered in the early 20th century; it is known as the Antioch Chalice and is in the Metropolitan Museum, New York.Saxon pilgrim who described it in De locis sanctis as being located in a reliquary in a chapel near Jerusalem, between the basilica of Golgotha and the Martyrium.Arculf kissed his hand and reached through an opening of the perforated lid of the reliquary to touch the chalice.He said that the people of the city flocked to it with great veneration.Arculf also saw the Holy Lance in the porch of the basilica of Constantine.This is the only mention of the Holy Chalice being situated in the Holy Land.The Genoa Chalice
Of two vessels that survive today, one is at Genoa, in the cathedral.The hexagonal vessel is known as the sacro catino, the holy basin.Traditionally said to be carved from emerald, it is in fact a green Egyptian glass dish, about eighteen inches (37 cm) across.Italy, and was returned broken, which identified the emerald as glass.The identification of the sacro catino with the Holy Chalice is not made until later, however, by Jacobus de Voragine in his chronicle of Genoa, written at the close of the 13th century.The cup depicted here by Juan Juanes in the late 16th century is the Chalice of Valencia.The surface has not been dated by microscopic scanning to assess recrystallization.The physical properties of the Holy Chalice are described and it is stated the vessel had been used to celebrate Mass by the early Popes succeeding Saint Peter.Lorenzo a su patria, Huesca".According to the wording of this document, the Chalice is described as the vessel in which "Christ Our Lord consigned his blood".By the end of the century a provenance for the chalice can be detected, by which Saint Peter had brought it to Rome.Pope John Paul II himself celebrated mass with the Holy Chalice in Valencia in November 1982, causing some uproar both in skeptic circles and in the circles that hoped he would say accipiens et hunc praeclarum Calicem ("this most famous chalice") in lieu of the ordinary words of the Mass taken from Matthew 26:27).For some people, the authenticity of the Chalice of Valencia failed to receive papal blessing.In July 2006, at the closing Mass of the 5th World Meeting of Families in Valencia, Pope Benedict XVI also celebrated with the Holy Chalice, on this occasion saying "this most famous chalice", words in the Roman Canon said to have been used for the first popes until 4th century in Rome, and supporting in this way the tradition of the Holy Chalice of Valencia.This artifact has seemingly never been accredited with any supernatural powers, which superstition apparently confines to other relics such as the Holy Grail, the Spear of Destiny and the True Cross.Emerging there into the light of history, the monastery's agate cup was acquired by King Martin I of Aragon in 1399 who kept it at Zaragoza.Valencia, where it has remained.Prudentius, does not mention the Chalice that was later said to have passed through his hands.Chalice and concluded: "Archeology supports and definitively confirms the historical authenticity"."Everyone in Spain believes it is the cup," Bennett said to a reporter from the Denver Catholic Register."You can see it every day that the chapel is open."When it was first recovered in Antioch just before World War I, it was touted as the Holy Chalice, an identification the Metropolitan Museum characterizes as "ambitious".It is currently thought to more closely resemble a style of standing lamp used in the 6th century and is no longer identified as a chalice.For the subsequent separate development of a Grail myth see Holy Grail.The great chalice of Antioch, New York, Fahim Kouchakji, 1933.This page was last modified on 15 January 2008, at 20:24.The chalice occupies the first place among sacred vessels, and by a figure of speech the material cup is often used as if it were synonymous with the Precious Blood itself."The chalice of benediction, which we bless", writes St.No reliable tradition has been preserved to us regarding the vessel used by Christ at the Last Supper.In the sixth and seventh centuries pilgrims to Jerusalem were led to believe that the actual chalice was still venerated in the church of the Holy Sepulchre, having within it the sponge which was presented to Our Saviour on Calvary.At a much later period two other vessels have been venerated as the chalice of the Last Supper.One, the sacro catino of Genoa, is rather a dish than a cup and is made of green glass, though long supposed to be an emerald, fourteen and a half inches in diameter and of priceless value.The other, at Valencia in Spain, is a cup of agate.It will be referred to further under the article GRAIL, and meanwhile we may be content to quote the words of St."The table was not of silver, the chalice was not of gold in which Christ gave His blood to His disciples to drink, and yet everything there was precious and truly fit to inspire awe."So far as it is possible to collect any scraps of information regarding the chalices in use among early Christians, the evidence seems to favour the prevalence of glass, though cups of the precious and of baser metals, of ivory, wood, and even clay were also in use.Jerome, entirely favour the same conclusion.Augustine speaks of two golden and six silver chalices dug up at Cirta in Africa, (Contra Crescon.Chrysostom of a golden chalice set with gems (Hom.Ostrian catacomb on the Via Nomentana, and now preserved in the Lateran Museum, may really have been a chalice.Zacharias at Ravenna, and the Emperor Valentinian III sent another to the church at Brive.The earliest specimen of a chalice of whose original purpose we can feel reasonably confident is the chalice of Chelles, preserved until the French Revolution and believed to have been wrought by, or at least to date from the time of, the famous artificer St.The material was gold, richly decorated with enamels and precious stones.In shape it was without handles and like a celery glass, with a very deep cup and no stem, but the cup was joined to the base by a knop, which under the name of nodus or pomellum became a very characteristic feature in the chalices of the Middle Ages.In many of the specimens described or preserved from the Merovingian, Carlovingian, and Romanesque periods, it is possible to make a distinction between the ordinary sacrificial chalice used by bishops and priests in the Mass and the calices ministeriales intended for the Communion of the faithful at Easter and other seasons when many received.These latter chalices are of considerable size, and they are often, though not always, fitted with handles, which, it is easy to understand, would have afforded additional security against accidents when the sacred vessel was put to the lips of each communicant in turn.In a rude and barbarous age the practical difficulties of Communion under species of wine must have been considerable, and it is not wonderful that from the Carolingian period onwards the device was frequently adopted of using a pipe or reed (known by a variety of names, fistula, tuellus, canna, arundo, pipa, calamus, siphon, etc.Communion of both clergy and people.To this day at the solemn papal high Mass, the chalice is brought from the altar to the pope at his throne, and the pontiff absorbs its contents through a golden pipe.This practice also lasted down to the reformation among the Cistercians.Of chalices earlier than the time of Charlemagne the existing specimens are so few and so doubtful that generalization of any kind is almost impossible.Besides the already mentioned chalice of Chelles, now destroyed, only two of those still preserved can be referred confidently to a date earlier than the year 800.Plainer in design, but very similar in form, is the chalice said to have belonged to St.If, as is possible, these words are intended to form a chronogram, they yield the date 788.Of the succeeding period, by far the most remarkable example preserved is the magnificent relic of Irish art known as the Chalice of Ardagh (see picture), from the place near which it was accidentally discovered in 1868.This is a "ministerial" chalice and it has two handles.The material is silver alloyed with copper, but gold and other metals have been used in its wonderful ornamentation, consisting largely of interlacing patterns and rich enamels.But in any case the broadening of the cup and the firm and wide base indicate a development which is noticeable in nearly all the chalices of the Romanesque period.The chalice known as that of St.Another very beautiful ministerial chalice with handles, but of later date (twelfth century?Abbey of Wilten in the Tyrol.Spitza collection (Kraus, Christliche Kunst, II, 18)
It is certain, however, that the chalices commonly used for the private Masses of parish priests and monks were of a simpler character, and in the eighth, ninth and following centuries much legislation was devoted to securing that chalices should be made of becoming material.Church the priests were of gold and the chalices of wood, but that now the chalices were of gold and the priests of wood, it might be inferred that he would have favoured simplicity in the furniture of the altar, but the synodal decrees of this period only aimed at promoting suitable reverence for the Mass.Thus the Council of Celchyth (Chelsea) forbade the use of chalices or patens of horn quod de sanguine sunt, and the canons passed in the reign of Edgar, under St.Dunstan, enjoined that all chalices in which the "housel is hallowed" should be of molten work (calic gegoten) and that none should be hallowed in a wooden vessel.Horn was rejected because blood had entered into its composition.Probably, however, the most famous decree was that included in the "Corpus Juris" (cap.If, however, anyone is so poor, let him at least have a chalice of pewter.The chalice must not be made of brass or copper, because it generates rust (i.And let no one presume to say Mass with a chalice of wood or glass.From the eleventh century onwards sufficient chalices and representations of chalices survive to enable us to draw conclusions regarding their evolution of form.One of the richest surviving examples is the chalice known as that of St.In the thirteenth century, while the cup of the ordinary chalice still remains broad and rather low, and base and knop are circular, we find a certain development of the stem.The stem is at the same time elongated and becomes much taller.The cup almost invariably assumes a tulip shape, which continues during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, while the chalice greatly increases in height.The question of the restriction of Communion under both kinds and the consequent withdrawal of the chalice from the laity is a matter of some obscurity and does not belong to the present article.Parish priests were enjoined to explain very carefully to the people that this was only ordinary wine intended to enable them to swallow the Host more readily.Probably a special chalice of large capacity was reserved for this purpose.As it was very probably a chalice of large capacity, with handles, it seems impossible to distinguish such a goblet from the calix ministerialis of earlier times.PRESENT LEGISLATION
According to the existing law of the Church the chalice, or at least the cup of it, must be made either of gold or of silver, and in the latter case the bowl must be gilt on the inside.In circumstances of great poverty or in time of persecution a calix stanneus (pewter) may be permitted, but the bowl of this also, like the upper surface of the paten, must be gilt.Before the chalice and paten are used in the Sacrifice of the Mass they require consecration.This rite is carried out according to a form specially provided in the "Pontificale" and involving the use of holy chrism.The consecration must be performed by a bishop (or in the case of chalices intended for monastic use, by an abbot possessing the privilege), and a bishop cannot in an ordinary way delegate any priest to perform this function in his place.Strictly speaking, only priests and deacons are permitted to touch the chalice or paten, but leave is usually granted to sacristans and those officially appointed to take charge of the vestments and sacred vessels.ADJUNCTS OF THE CHALICE
These are the corporal, the purificator, the pall, the burse, and the chalice veil.The corporal will be considered separately.The purificator (purificatorium or more anciently emunctorium) now consists of a rectangular piece of linen usually folded twice lengthwise and laid across the top of the chalice.It is used for wiping and drying the chalice, or the paten, or the priest's lips, e.The pall is a small square of stiffened linen ornamented with a cross, which is laid upon the orifice of the chalice to protect its contents from flies or dust.But about the time of St.One was spread out, and upon it the chalice and host were laid.The other, folded into smaller compass, served only to cover the chalice (sce Giorgi, Liturgia Rom.The original identity of the pall and the corporal is further illustrated by the fact that both alike require to be specially blessed before use.The chalice veil and the burse are of comparatively recent introduction.Even Burchard, the compiler of the "Ordo Missae" (1502), now represented by the rubricae generales of the Roman Missal, supposes that the chalice and paten were brought by the priest to the altar in a sacculum or lintheum, which seems to have been the ancestor of the present veil.From what has already been said it will be clear that the chalice, as the most important of all the vessels in church use, must have exercised an incalculable influence upon the early developments of the goldsmith's craft.Such monuments as the Ardagh chalice and the Tassilo chalice, both of Irish origin, stand almost alone in the information they afford of an otherwise unsuspected mechanical skill and richness of ornament, particularly in the matter of enamels, in a remote and barbarous age.The earliest, documents connected with the life of St.Patrick reveal the fact that the artificers of chalices and bells had a certain status which in that rude age won respect for the arts of peace.The chalice in a particular way was identified with the priesthood.But it is much to be desired that by the favour shown to good material, skilful workmanship, and a pure type of art, the chalices constructed for the liturgical use of the Church may still serve as an encouragement of all that is best in the craft of the worker in precious metals.New York: Robert Appleton Company.Nihil Obstat, November 1, 1908.ROHAULT DE FLEURY, La Messe (Paris, 1886), Vol.WILLIAMS, The Arts and Crafts of Spain (3 vols.Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.Service Committee during World War II.Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations.Created by Matrix Group International, Inc.Laughter Ever After: Ministry of Good Humor
by Donald Capps.Renew Your Congregation: Healing the Sick, Raising the Dead
by William T.San Diego North County area.Escondido and all are welcome.Religious Education and Child Care is provided.The Chalice campus is safe and sound.Dear UU Community of San ...Plot Summary:
A Greek artisan is commissioned to cast the cup of Christ in silver and sculpt around its rim the faces of the disciples and Jesus himself...Awards:
Nominated for 2 Oscars.Without her in it the movie would have been a complete failure!Cast overview, first billed only) Virginia Mayo ...Trivia:
Paul Newman took out ads in the Hollywood trade papers apologizing for his performance in this film.Quotes:
Saint Peter:
In such a world, the little cup will look very lonely.Thank you, your vote will be counted and appear on this page within 24 hours.Sorry, there was a problem collecting your vote.He made the
movie a failure.Jack Palance did his best as the villain.
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