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chanson history, chanson songs, chanson artists The Geste de Garin de Monglane 5.The Geste de Doon de Mayence 5.Subjects Composed in Old French and apparently intended for oral performance by jongleurs, the chansons de geste narrate legendary incidents (sometimes based on real events) in the history of France during the eighth and ninth centuries, the age of Charles Martel, Charlemagne and Louis the Pious, with emphasis on their conflicts with the Moors and Saracens.There is also an increasing dose of Eastern adventure, drawing on contemporary experiences in the Crusades; in addition, one series of chansons retells the events of the First Crusade and the first years of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.Finally, in chansons of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the historical and military aspects wane, and the fantastic elements in the stories dominate.The traditional subject matter of the chansons de geste became known as the Matter of France.The poems contain a small and unvarying assortment of character types; the repertoire of valiant hero, brave traitor, shifty or cowardly traitor, Saracen giant, beautiful Saracen princess, and so forth is one that is easily exhausted.As the genre matured, fantasy elements were introduced.Origins The origin of the chanson de geste as a form is much debated.The nineteenth century medievalist Gaston Paris, recognising that they drew on an oral epic tradition, identified this with narrative songs (sometimes called cantilenae) that are occasionally mentioned by contemporary authors in other genres.Song of Roland that are now known.Gaston Paris also believed that the early singers followed the courts of kings and military leaders, as did Norse skalds (lyric poets) and some Celtic bards, but the evidence on this is less conclusive.Magical relics frequently appear in the tales.This point of view has fewer proponents since the development of Oral theory; it is additionally problematic because monks were specifically forbidden to dabble in the literature of the jongleurs.An example from the Chanson de Roland illustrates the technique.S'est kil demandet, ne l'estoet enseigner.Under a pine tree, by a rosebush, there is a throne made entirely of gold.If anyone is looking for the King, he doesn't need to be pointed out.Later chansons are composed in monorhyme stanzas, in which the last syllable of each line rhymes fully throughout the stanza.The rhyme is on ie: Or s'en fuit Corbarans tos les plains de Surie, N'enmaine que .En l'estor l'avoit mort a l'espee forbie Li bons dus Godefrois a le chiere hardie Tres devant Anthioce ens en la prairie.Since paper was extremely expensive and not all poets could read, it seems likely that even after the chansons had begun to be written down, many performances continued to depend on oral transmission.As an indication of the role played by orality in the tradition of the chanson de geste, lines and sometimes whole stanzas (especially in the earlier examples) are noticeably formulaic in nature, making it possible both for the poet to construct a poem in performance and for the audience to grasp a new theme with ease.Several popular chansons were written down more than once in varying forms.The earliest chansons are all (more or less) anonymous; many later ones have named authors.Aube, in the introductory lines to his Girart de Vienne, subdivided the Matter of France, the usual subject area of the chansons de geste, into three cycles, which revolved around three main characters (see quotation at Matter of France).There are several other less formal lists of chansons, or of the legends they incorporate.Another is included by the Catalan troubadour Guiraut de Cabrera in his humorous poem Ensenhamen, better known from its first words as "Cabra juglar": this is addressed to a juglar (jongleur) and purports to instruct him on the poems he ought to know but doesn't.Aube's cycles, extended with two additional groupings and with a final list of chansons that fit into no cycle.There are numerous differences of opinion about the categorization of individual chansons.The Geste du roi The chief character is usually Charlemagne or one of his immediate successors.This cycle contains the first of the chansons to be written down, the Chanson de Roland or "Song of Roland".La Chanson de Roland (c.Middle High German Ruolandsliet and the Latin Carmen de Prodicione Guenonis.Constantinople dealing with a fictional expedition by Charlemagne and his knights (c.La Chanson de Saisnes or "Song of the Saxons", by Jean Bodel (c.Italian reworking Mainet Basin Les Enfances Ogier by Adenet le Roi (c.Macaire or La Chanson de la Reine Sebile Huon de Bordeaux originally c.Auvergne, a lost chanson known from a 16th century retelling.These chansons deal with knights who were typically younger sons, not heirs, who seek land and glory through combat with the Infidel (in practice, Muslim) enemy.La Chanson de Guillaume (c.Foulques de Candie, by Herbert le Duc of Dammartin (fl.Les Enfances Guillaume (before 1250) Les Narbonnais (c.Narbonne Les Enfances Vivien (c.Guibert d'Andrenas (13th century) La Prise de Cordres (13th century) La Mort Aymeri de Narbonne (c.Saracen Ganor Gui de Nanteuil, evidently popular around 1207 when the troubadour Raimbaut de Vaqueiras mentions the story.This local cycle of epics of Lorraine traditional history, in the late form in which it is now known, includes details evidently drawn from Huon de Bordeaux and Ogier le Danois.Aube, this cycle deals with the First Crusade and its immediate aftermath.The episode was eventually incorporated, c.Godefroi de Bouillon Le Chevalier au Cigne tells the story of Elias, grandfather of Godefroi de Bouillon.Legacy and adaptations The chansons de geste created a body of mythology that lived on well after the creative force of the genre itself was spent.As such, their incidents and plot devices later became central to works of English literature such as Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene; Spenser attempted to adapt the form devised to tell the tale of the triumph of Christianity over Islam to tell instead of the triumph of Protestantism over Roman Catholicism.Jean Bodel in the Chanson de Saisnes: for details see Matter of France.Guibert of Nogent, Gesta Dei per Francos.Le Galien de Cheltenham ed.Provence: Publications du CUER MA, 1977.Raimbert de Paris, La Chevalerie Ogier de Danemarche ed.Jehan de Lanson, chanson de geste of the 13th Century ed.Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1965.La geste de Beaulande ed.Jacques Normand and Gaston Raynaud.This page was last modified 03:00, 2 November 2007.The video has been added to your playlist.This video will appear on your blog shortly.Content of this nature is not necessarily prohibited on YouTube, however we will review this video and take action as appropriate.Per our Community Guidelines, hate speech is specifically defined in reference to "protected groups."Thank you for sharing your concerns.There may be significant legal penalties for false notices.In order to process a privacy complaint we need more information from you.Thank you for sharing this video!Change the value of a comment by clicking on a thumb.But then I also speak of this particular performance.It's a very odd thing, the way he manages to sing so true despite his nervousness.La grande classe, un lyrisme parfait.Would you like to comment?Content of this nature is not necessarily prohibited on YouTube, however we will review this video and take action as appropriate.Per our Community Guidelines, hate speech is specifically defined in reference to "protected groups."We can only process copyright complaints submitted by authorized parties in accordance with processes defined in law.Please refer to our Help Center for more information and the complete instructions.In order to process a privacy complaint we need more information from you.Thank you for sharing this video!Change this to see only comments above a certain value.Don't worry, I gave you credit for your original.On Midomi(dot)com, search for "oh nine eff nine" and play ENG's rendition.Hmm, ok, listened to it...Lyrics: "09 F9 11 02 9D...The code changes based on your selection.Plot Synopsis: This plot synopsis is empty.Cast overview, first billed only) Pierre Arditi ...Thank you, your vote will be counted and appear on this page within 24 hours.Irrespective of the mix and match of a male vocal coming out of a female character or vice versa, they are excerpted strains and words chosen from certain songs that propel the storytelling.Being an Alain Resnais film, intellectual exchanges and philosophical tones are never lacking.This film was dedicated to Dennis Potter, a cerebral genius he was.You may report errors and omissions on this page to the IMDb database managers.They will be examined and if approved will be included in a future update.New in Leopard: Source lists!The kids, they have a word for this...Garage 1 conference room at Apple.That's just upstairs from the Town Hall auditorium in Infinite Loop 4, right around the loop at Apple's campus in Cupertino.See the web site for directions.Tell a FriendJon Harrop dives into OCaml on LLVMNov.Standard ML, a purely functional language.Jon's name rang a bell because I just listened to the second of two podcasts from .Microsoft will be including with future versions of VIsual Studio.It's the lack of side effects that allow such analysis to be performed.OCaml on LLVM is interesting in a lot of the same ways: You have a functional language that's very amenable to all sorts of analysis and optimization, and an abstract platform that can run on an extremely wide variety of systems very efficiently.It's great to see that Jon is enjoying exploring OCaml atop LLVM and I can't wait to see what kind of fun results!Tell a FriendReminder: NSCoder Night tonight!This is just a gentle reminder that NSCoder Night is tonight, 7PM to 9PM!And finally, cocoaCodingNight in St.I've gotten two responses now to my previous post Fucking barbaric about how awful Saudi Arabia is about human rights that try to take me to task for being an American and speaking out about some other country's abuses.And none of that has anything to do with whether what happens to a woman who was raped in Saudi Arabia is medieval and barbaric.United States has the problems it does is because it has a history of engaging with illegitimate nations like Saudi Arabia in the names of political and economic expedience.As a human being I have a strong interest in people everywhere being able to be free and openly participate in the global society in whatever way they wish.Don't you fucking dare try to tell me I can't have that interest just because I don't directly set US foreign or domestic policy.So of course she's going to be lashed and go to prison.Any nation where such medievalism is officially sanctioned automatically forfeits any pretense at legitimate statehood, and should be treated as a collapsed state by the international community.OOPSLA 2007, so I've made sure to listen to the OOPSLA 2007 podcast and read what others have written about it.Hopefully I can make it to Nashville for OOPSLA 2008!Tell a FriendReminder: NSCoder Night tonight!This is just a gentle reminder that NSCoder Night is tonight, 7PM to 9PM!NSCoder Night Silicon Valley is at Orchard Valley Coffee in Campbell, CA.NSCoder Night Washington DC is at Panera Bread in Tyson's Corner.If you're interested in hanging out, but can't make it in person, there's always IRC.Town Hall auditorium at Apple.See the web site for directions.This month's presentation is by Deric Horn, Application Frameworks Evangelist at Apple.When we haven't had a presentation or two lined up, we've also had some great "unmeetings" (in the spirit of "unconferences") where we came up with an agenda for the core of the meeting on the fly by writing down topics and questions on our room's whiteboard and talking about each one of them for a few minutes.Update: Every CocoaHeads gets bigger.This is just a gentle reminder that NSCoder Night is tonight, 7PM to 9PM!NSCoder Night Silicon Valley is at Orchard Valley Coffee in Campbell, CA.NSCoder Night Washington DC is at Panera Bread in Tyson's Corner.If you're interested in hanging out, but can't make it in person, there's always IRC.Tell a FriendReminder: NSCoder Night is tonight!This is just a gentle reminder that NSCoder Night starts tonight, 7PM to 9PM!NSCoder Night Silicon Valley is at Orchard Valley Coffee in Campbell, CA.If you're interested in hanging out, but can't make it in person, there's always IRC.Though due to the limitations imposed by C semantics, it isn't a copying collector.Practically speaking, this means that you don't have to worry about memory management in Cocoa applications the way you used to, if you can require Leopard.And when the object is collected, the instance variable will be set to nil for you!Thus I can create an object, assign it to a thousand different __weak instance variables, and then not assign it to any regular instance variables, and it will eventually be collected and all of those __weak instance variables will be "simultaneously" changed to nil.See the header or documentation for details.Update: At jcr's request, I've expanded the discussion of weak references to make it clear that the number of weak references to an object doesn't matter; as long as there are no strong references to it (whether in instance variables, reachable via globals, or on the stack or in registers), it will be eligible for collection.Tell a FriendNew in Leopard: Source lists!These have become quite common in a lot of applications since their introduction in iTunes, and everybody does them slightly differently.Now, though, there's a simple way for applications running on Leopard to get the source list look and feel almost for free!There's a new property added to NSTableView called selection highlight style.Tunes, Mail, and the Finder?"Tell a FriendNSCoder Night Silicon Valley (and hopefully elsewhere)Oct.It has wireless connectivity, reasonable hours, plenty of room, and great drinks, and it's also quite accessible since it's right in the heart of downtown Campbell.Want to hold your own NSCoder Night?What's the difference between NSCoder Night and CocoaHeads?Leopard will be available on October 26, 2007!That's only ten days away!I've been running it for many months, and it's really freaking sweet.Leopard that will really help you take your Mac OS X applications to the next level.Tiger, you'll want to live on Leopard to do so.Tell a FriendCocoaHeads Silicon Valley at Apple on Thursday, October 11, 2007Oct.Town Hall auditorium at Apple.See the web site for directions.This month's presentation is a special treat!After the meeting there's more independent mingling and discussion.When we haven't had a presentation or two lined up, we've also had some great "unmeetings" (in the spirit of "unconferences") where we came up with an agenda for the core of the meeting on the fly by writing down topics and questions on our room's whiteboard and talking about each one of them for a few minutes.Be sure to eat it while it's twilight, so you finish it after dark.Atheist Bacon Cheeseburger Friday: Mmm, sacrilicious...Big Media distribution system, no less!The next thing I can't wait to see is the Singularity Summit 2007 that was recently held by the Singularity Institute in San Francisco.Tags: apple tv, iphone, podcasts, pop!Town Hall auditorium at Apple.That's just inside Infinite Loop 4, right around the loop at Apple's campus in Cupertino.After the meeting there's more independent mingling and discussion.Anonymous Old French epic, dating perhaps as early as the middle 11th century.This edition is based on the translation of Charles Scott Moncrief (London, 1919).This edition is in the PUBLIC DOMAIN.Document scanning provided by R.Site maintained by Roy Tennant on behalf of the academic community.In the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries it is difficult to speak of a French musical idiom distinct from that of Burgundy or the Netherlands.French was always the language of the chanson as Latin was of the Mass.Social and political conditions in France in the early 16th century were particularly favorable to the growth of secular music.The 15th century had witnessed the rise of a new and wealthy bourgeoisie.This group, partly from inherent natural curiosity and vigor, partly, too, from a very human desire to ape courtly tastes, had taken advantage of the cultural opportunities offered it.Italian Renaissance, whose propagation in France was furthered by royal inclinations; these brought not only French military expeditions into Italy but Italian art into France.While some of the texts employed by the Josquin generation had still adhered to strict formalism, the poetry of the first decades of the 16th century sought greater liberty.Marot, son of Jean Marot.The new chansons enjoyed wide dissemination, greatly aided by the activities of several famous French printers.Such works appeared in the publications of the first French music printer, Pierre Attaignant, who between 1528 and 1552 brought out in Paris more than fifty collections of chansons, about 1,500 pieces altogether.The typical chansons of the earliest Attaingnant collections resembled in many respects the Italian frottola and the canti carnascialeschi.They were light, fast, strongly rhythmic songs for four voices, syllabic, with many repeated notes, predominantly in duple meter with occasional passages in triple meter, and predominantly homophonic with the principal melody in the highest voice, but not excluding short points of imitation.The texts covered a considerable range of verse forms and subjects, a favorite topic being some amatory situation that might allow the poet occasion for all sorts of pleasant comments and equivocal allusions.Not all the texts, however, were frivolous.Michel de Menehou, which, printed in 1558, concerned itself with rudiments; a chanson of the Paris type, written by Menehou, concludes the little work.The two upper voices often move in progressions of thirds.However, their works include many of great charm.Lyons was to a considerable extent a musical outpost of Paris, and Moderne was the counterpart of Attaingnant.Among the composers published mainly by Attaingnant, but represented in Grand Jacques's Parangon, are the old dependables, Claudin, Janequin, and Certon.Layolle, who made his career partly at Florence, partly at Lyons.The younger Layolle's varied output included chansons, and Attaignant did not disdain to reprint, in 1539, Cc me semblent choses perdues, which had appeared in Book IV of the Parangon in 1538.As a rule their chansons were somewhat more contrapuntal than those written by the Paris composers, with fuller texture, more melismatic lines, and a less marked rhythmic beat.Susato and other Netherlands publishers also issued a few polyphonic songs with texts in their own language.Practically all the chanson writers, French and Netherlandish, also produced Masses and motets; Manchicourt in particular was a distinguished composer for the church.Like the earlier chansons, those of the sixteenth century were used as material for Mass themes, and many of them also served as models for parody Masses.French musical scene during the earlier part of the sixteenth century, we may regard their production as a brief (but important) "intermezzo" in the development of the chanson from Josquin to Lassus.During the initial decades of this "intermezzo" the older style was so little regarded that, after Petrucci's Canti C, there is no printed collection containing chansons by Josquin until the Selectissimae .Kriesstein at Augsburg), in which the chansons of his mature style were published for the first time.Thereupon the neglect of the master ended, and Susato's seventh book of chansons, devoted entirely to him, appeared in 1545.But, whereas Claudin's style no longer holds sway in printed collections after 1540 (only in the one significantly called Chansons anciennes by Du Chemin in 1550 is real interest still shown in his secular works), Josquin's chansons appear often in LeRoy and Ballard's Meslanges of 1560 to 1572.Janequin supremacy by several composers, among them Jean Richafort and a group whose works appear infrequently in the Attaingnant prints of 1539 to 1549, but in far greater number (as befitted the Netherlandish origin of many of these men) in the collections of Susato.In contrast to Claudin and Janequin, all these composers, including Richafort, not only wrote chansons in a polyphonic style with some frequency but, after ca. |
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