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Chemist biography, Chemist discography
Job growth will occur in professional, scientific, and technical services firms as manufacturing companies continue to outsource their research and development and testing operations to these smaller, specialized firms.Chemists and materials scientists search for and use new knowledge about chemicals.Chemists and materials scientists also develop processes such as improved oil refining and petrochemical processing that save energy and reduce pollution.Research on the chemistry of living things spurs advances in medicine, agriculture, food processing, and other fields.D, these scientists create new products and processes or improve existing ones, often using knowledge gained from basic research.The use of computers to analyze complex data has allowed chemists and materials scientists to practice combinatorial chemistry.This technique makes and tests large quantities of chemical compounds simultaneously to find those with certain desired properties.Combinatorial chemistry has allowed chemists to produce thousands of compounds more quickly and inexpensively than was formerly possible and assisted in the sequencing of human genes.Specialty chemists, such as medicinal and organic chemists, work with life scientists to translate this knowledge into new drugs.Developments in the field of chemistry that involve life sciences will expand, resulting in more interaction among biologists, engineers, computer specialists, and chemists.Biochemists, whose work encompasses both biology and chemistry, are discussed in the Handbook statement on biological scientists.Chemists also work in production and quality control in chemical manufacturing plants.They prepare instructions for plant workers that specify ingredients, mixing times, and temperatures for each stage in the process.Chemists report and document test results and analyze those results in hopes of improving existing theories or developing new test methods.Analytical chemists determine the structure, composition, and nature of substances by examining and identifying their various elements or compounds.These chemists are absolutely crucial to the pharmaceutical industry because pharmaceutical companies need to know the identity of compounds that they hope to turn into drugs.Furthermore, analytical chemists develop analytical techniques and study the relationships and interactions among the parts of compounds.They also identify the presence and concentration of chemical pollutants in air, water, and soil.Organic chemists study the chemistry of the vast number of carbon compounds that make up all living things.Organic chemists who synthesize elements or simple compounds to create new compounds or substances that have different properties and applications have developed many commercial products, such as drugs, plastics, and elastomers (elastic substances similar to rubber).Inorganic chemists study compounds consisting mainly of elements other than carbon, such as those in electronic components.Physical and theoretical chemists study the physical characteristics of atoms and molecules and the theoretical properties of matter; and they investigate how chemical reactions work.Macromolecular chemists study the behavior of atoms and molecules.Medicinal chemists study the structural properties of compounds intended for applications to human medicine.Materials chemists study and develop new materials to improve existing products or make new ones.In fact, virtually all chemists are involved in this quest in one way or another.The work of materials chemists is similar to, but separate from, the work of materials scientists.Materials scientists apply physics as well as chemistry to study all aspects of materials.Chemistry, however, plays an increasingly dominant role in materials science because it provides information about the structure and composition of materials.Materials scientists study the structures and chemical properties of various materials to develop new products or enhance existing ones.They also determine ways to strengthen or combine materials or develop new materials for use in a variety of products.Materials science encompasses the natural and synthetic materials used in a wide range of products and structures, from airplanes, cars, and bridges to clothing and household goods.Materials scientists often specialize in specific areas such as ceramics or metals.Chemists and materials scientists usually work regular hours in offices and laboratories.Although some laboratories are small, others are large enough to incorporate prototype chemical manufacturing facilities as well as advanced testing equipment.In addition to working in a laboratory, materials scientists also work with engineers and processing specialists in industrial manufacturing facilities.Some chemists are exposed to health or safety hazards when handling certain chemicals, but there is little risk if proper procedures are followed.Chemists and materials scientists typically work regular hours.Researchers may be required to work odd hours in laboratories or other locations, depending on the nature of their research.While some materials scientists hold a degree in materials science, degrees in chemistry, physics, or electrical engineering are also common.Many colleges and universities offer degree programs in chemistry.In 2007, the American Chemical Society (ACS) had approved approximately 640 bachelors, 310 masters, and 200 doctoral degree programs.In addition to these programs, other advanced degree programs in chemistry were offered at several hundred colleges and universities.The number of colleges that offer a degree program in materials science is small but gradually increasing.Students planning careers as chemists and materials scientists should take courses in science and mathematics, should like working with their hands building scientific apparatus and performing laboratory experiments, and should like computer modeling.In addition to taking required courses in analytical, inorganic, organic, and physical chemistry, undergraduate chemistry majors usually study biological sciences; mathematics; physics; and increasingly, computer science.This is increasingly important as combinatorial chemistry and advanced screening techniques are more widely applied.Courses in statistics are useful because both chemists and materials scientists need the ability to apply basic statistical techniques.Specific courses should include atmospheric, water, and soil chemistry, and energy.Graduate students studying chemistry commonly specialize in a subfield, such as analytical chemistry or polymer chemistry, depending on their interests and the kind of work they wish to do.For example, those interested in doing drug research in the pharmaceutical industry usually develop a strong background in medicinal or synthetic organic chemistry.Most employers provide new graduates additional training or education.Many employers prefer chemists and materials scientists with a Ph.Within materials science, a broad background in various sciences is preferred.This broad base may be obtained through degrees in physics, engineering, or chemistry.Although many companies prefer hiring Ph.Interaction among specialists in this field is increasing, especially for specialty chemists in drug development.One type of chemist often relies on the findings of another type of chemist.For example, an organic chemist must understand findings on the identity of compounds prepared by an analytical chemist.Some employers of research chemists, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, prefer to hire individuals with several years of postdoctoral experience.Advancement among chemists and materials scientists usually takes the form of greater independence in their work or larger budgets.Others choose to move into managerial positions and become natural sciences managers (listed elsewhere in the Handbook).Chemists or materials scientists who develop new products or processes sometimes form their own companies or join new firms to develop these ideas.Chemists and materials scientists held about 93,000 jobs in 2006.Chemists accounted for about 84,000 of these, while materials scientists accounted for about 9,700 jobs.In addition, many chemists and materials scientists held faculty positions in colleges and universities but are not included in these numbers.About 18 percent of chemists and material scientists work in scientific research and development services; 12 percent work in architectural, engineering, and related services.In addition, thousands of people with a background in chemistry and materials science hold teaching positions in high schools and in colleges and universities.Chemists and materials scientists are employed in all parts of the country, but they are mainly concentrated in large industrial areas.Average job growth is expected.New chemists at all levels may experience competition for jobs, particularly in declining chemical manufacturing industries.Chemists should experience employment growth in pharmaceutical and biotechnology research, as recent advances in genetics open new avenues of treatment for diseases.Employment of chemists in the nonpharmaceutical chemical manufacturing industries is expected to decline over the projection period, along with overall declining employment in these industries.Employment of materials scientists should continue to grow as manufacturers of diverse products seek to improve their quality by using new materials and manufacturing processes.Within the chemical manufacturing industries, job growth for chemists is expected to be strongest in pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms.Chemists also will be employed to develop and improve the technologies and processes used to produce chemicals for all purposes, and to monitor and measure air and water pollutants to ensure compliance with local, State, and Federal environmental regulations.Environmental research will offer many new opportunities for chemists and materials scientists.Research into traditional and alternative energy sources should also lead to employment growth among chemists.New chemists at all levels may experience competition for jobs, particularly in declining chemical manufacturing industries.Some become chemical technicians or technologists or high school chemistry teachers.Furthermore, chemists with an advanced degree will continue to fill most senior research and upper management positions; however, similar to other occupations, applicants face strong competition for the limited number of upper management jobs.In addition to jobs openings resulting from employment growth, some job openings will result from the need to replace chemists and materials scientists who retire or otherwise leave the labor force, although not all positions will be filled.The traditional chemical industries, however, provide many raw materials to the automotive manufacturing and construction industries, both of which are vulnerable to temporary slowdowns during recessions.NOTE: Data in this table are rounded.See the discussion of the employment projections table in the Handbook introductory chapter on Occupational Information Included in the Handbook.The research and analysis conducted by chemists and materials scientists is closely related to work done by agricultural and food scientists, biological scientists, medical scientists, engineering and natural sciences managers, chemical engineers, materials engineers, physicists and astronomers, and science technicians.General information on career opportunities and earnings for chemists is available from:
American Chemical Society, Education Division, 1155 16th St.Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.How many jobs are there?Where can you find more information?Chemicals are a big part of the physical world around us.Chemists and materials scientists find ways to make chemicals useful to us.They also try to improve things that people use daily, such as paint, medicine, and cosmetics, as well as cars and airplanes.Chemists also search for new chemicals in nature.Part of a chemist's job is to search for new facts about chemicals.Some chemists watch what happens when they mix two or more chemicals together.They explain what they might see, smell, or feel.Chemists use computers to conduct experiments and analyze the results.They write down the results and report them to others.From their research, they can create new products.Chemists can also improve products we already have and show us new ways to use them.Chemists specialize in one of the many different types of chemistry.Some chemists and materials scientists work in factories.They tell plant workers which ingredients to use to make a chemical.They also tell the workers how long to mix chemicals, and how hot or cold the mixture should be.They watch the whole process to make sure that they get the right product at the end.They test samples to make sure they meet industry and government rules.Chemists and materials scientists usually work regular hours in offices and laboratories.Labs have all sorts of equipment to do experiments.Research chemists spend most of their time in labs.Sometimes they work in offices when they have to write reports on their lab work.For example, materials scientists may work closely with engineers and other workers in manufacturing facilities.Chemists may also do some of their research in a factory or outdoors.Some chemists work around dangerous chemicals.They have to wear protective clothing and follow rules to keep them safe on their jobs.To become a chemist, a person needs to have a bachelor's degree in chemistry or a related subject.Materials scientists need a college degree in materials science, or chemistry, physics, or electrical engineering.However, chemists and materials scientists usually need a Ph.Students who want to become chemists or materials scientists tend to enjoy science and math in school.They also like to build things with their hands and experiment with different objects.They must be willing to work by themselves.Some employers need chemists and materials scientists who know about other subjects in the business field.They also need persons who can be leaders.Reading, writing, and speaking skills are also important.Earnings of chemists depend in part on the amount of schooling a person has.How many jobs are there?Chemists and materials scientists held about 90,000 jobs in 2004.Others work for scientific research and development firms.Some find jobs in Federal, State, and local governments.In addition, thousands of chemists teach in high schools and colleges and universities.Chemists and materials scientists are employed in all parts of the United States.Most of them work in cities that have a lot of different industries.Employment of chemists and materials scientists is expected to grow more slowly than the average for all occupations through 2014.There will be job openings in industries that sell things that a lot of people need or want to buy, like medicine.In other industries, it will be harder for a chemist to get a job, especially when the economy is not doing well.Employers are especially looking for chemists and materials scientists who have a master's or Ph.Are there other jobs like this?The Handbook also shows where to find out even more about this job.Chemists "are paid to be creative, careful, and productive" said one of our survey respondents, and the rest agreed."It's a career for people who think about the future," mentioned another.Chemists analyze the basic properties of matter.In the commercial sector, they find new uses and applications for it.In the academic sector, they study the implications of newly discovered chemical properties.Chemists spend over 60 percent of their time in the lab or in front of their computers analyzing data.Specific duties may include modeling, analysis, synthesis, research, limited fieldwork, or even sales and information management.There are as many specialties, such as quality control chemists or organic chemists, as there are areas of application of chemical principles."You don't spend a lot of time hanging out with other chemists, but you do spend a lot of time reading about them."Professional reading can be significant in this profession, as discoveries can change the understanding of the physical systems that are critical to this profession.Chemists are challenged, excited and satisfied with the profession in which the majority spend their entire careers.Paying Your Dues About 600 colleges offer undergraduate degrees in chemistry, and 300 offer graduate degrees.The commercial sector hires chemists most often in the petroleum, chemicals, medical, food, and production industries, while the academic sector hiring of chemists is dominated by universities and research institutions.This means that intelligence, for a long time the single factor in determining job opportunities in the field of chemistry, is no longer the only consideration.Associated Careers Chemists become chemical engineers more often than anything else, but their analytic skills recommend them to many professions.Any field that rewards a curious, organized mind is open to an emigrant from the field of chemistry.Chemists are helping to develop new energy sources.More than 60 percent of Chemists work for manufacturers.Academic institutions are the second largest employer of Chemists.The job market has improved somewhat in the past few years.This is NOT a job opening.The panel has defined scientific criteria that could be utilized by EU...Eastman sells pine chemicals l...February issue of inform online
inform is an AOCS Member monthly publication.Reference SamplesOn sale now through February 29, 2008.Kiyotaka Sato from Hiroshima University, Japan.For more information click here.Hilton in the Walt Disney World Resort, Lake Buena Vista, FL, USAEarly registration deadline is March 14, 2008.
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