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E C T biography, E C T discography
Thus some of the material is likely to be out of date,
and at worst simply wrong.Many of these efforts
proved ineffective, and some even harmful.The treatment is now used primarily in
general hospital psychiatric units and in psychiatric hospitals.ECT and to desires to ensure the
protection of patient's rights.ECT, the investigation of ECT has
not generally been in the mainstream of mental health research.What are the risks and adverse effects
of ECT?ECT would be an
appropriate treatment?How should ECT be administered to
maximize benefits and minimize risks?What are the directions for future
research?What Is the Evidence That ECT Is Effective
for Patients With Specific Mental Disorders?The available controlled clinical trials do not extend beyond
the treatment of the acute episode (i.TCA), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI),
combinations of antidepressants and neuroleptics, and placebos.ECT to be superior to medication were not designed to study the
persistence of this advantage of ECT beyond the short term.ECT in those endogenous depressives who have not responded to
an adequate trial of antidepressants.Neuroleptics are the first line of
treatment for schizophrenia.ECT has not been useful in chronically ill
schizophrenic patients.ECT for any conditions other than those designated above
(i.What Are the Risks and Adverse Effects of
ECT?In this report, we will focus on the risks still present with
adequate treatment techniques.In the early days of ECT, mortality was a
significant problem.First, there may be transient hypotension from bradycardia caused by
central vagal stimulation.Immediately after awakening from the treatment, the patient experiences
confusion, transient memory loss, and headache.It is, however, well established that ECT produces memory
deficits.There are other possible adverse effects
from ECT.Many of these suffer from methodological shortcomings.CAT) studies of patients who have had ECT are very preliminary and open
to alternative interpretations.PET) and studies of tissue
changes detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remain to be done.Delusional and severe endogenous depressions, acute mania, and certain
schizophrenic syndromes.ECT and for each treatment alternative.In a small minority of cases, a patient
will lack adequate legal capacity to consent to the proposed procedure.Legislation in a few states dictates that ECT may in no
circumstance be provided to an involuntarily committed patient.ECT than from alternative treatments.How Should ECT Be Administered To Maximize
Benefits and Minimize Risks?An intravenous line is placed in a peripheral vein, and
access to this vein is maintained until the patient is fully recovered.The EKG, blood pressure, and pulse
rate should be monitored throughout the procedure.Kingdom, the standard practice is two treatments weekly.ECT after remission of the acute episode or as a maintenance regimen to
prevent recurrence of new episodes.Board of Psychiatry and Neurology should include questions about ECT in
its oral and written examinations.What Are the Directions for Future
Research?ECT has been underinvestigated in the past.ECT and the memory
deficits resulting from the treatment.Electroconvulsive therapy is the most
controversial treatment in psychiatry.An ongoing consultative process, requiring time
and energy on the part of both patient and physician, should occur.ECT use in the United States.Indiana University School of Medicine
Larue D.Electroconvulsive Therapy was issued, additional information has become
available that supplements the original statement.Sackeim HA, Prudic J, Devanand DP, et
al.Effects of stimulus intensity and electrode placement on the
efficacy and cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy.Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1997.Comprehensive information on many aspects of ECT.Fink's Electroshock: Restoring the Mind.The American Psychiatric Association's statement on ECT.What you should know before signing a consent form for ECT.Abstracts of scientific papers on ECT.The history of shock therapies in psychiatry.Electroconvulsive therapy, also known as electroshock therapy, a medical treatment.Emission Computed Tomography, see: Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography.Ealing Community Transport, a social enterprise in England.Treballadors), a Catalan leftwing nationalist group.Eau Claire Transit, the transit in Eau Claire, Wisconsin.It may also refer to:
European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas, in Trento, Italy.European Credit Transfer, to guarantee academic recognition of studies abroad, enabling students to have access to regular courses alongside local students.This page was last modified 02:34, 1 December 2007.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.ECT today is far safer than it was just a few decades ago.Learn who may benefit from this procedure and understand its pros and cons.For some people, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) conjures up frightening images.You may envision painful, violent seizures.Or you may simply have a generally negative emotional reaction to electroconvulsive therapy.In certain cases, though, electroconvulsive therapy may be the best treatment option, sometimes offering fast and significant benefits.For some people, antidepressant medications aren't effective.For still others, mental illness may have left them in a state of psychosis, and ECT may be able to help end that episode.Deciding whether electroconvulsive therapy is a good option for you or a loved one can be extremely difficult.It's not a decision to make lightly.In those early years, electroconvulsive therapy could be painful and downright dangerous.Powerful seizures racked the body with a force that could break bones.The images of doctors and nurses holding people down as they endured violent seizures were captured in books and films and have become nearly indelible.Electroconvulsive therapy is different today, although it still does pose a risk of side effects and complications, such as memory loss and confusion.Yet the procedure has become refined, with precisely calculated electrical currents administered in a controlled medical setting to achieve the most benefits with the fewest risks.Electroconvulsive therapy is a procedure in which electrical currents are passed through the brain to trigger a seizure.Researchers don't fully understand just how ECT works.Given in a series over several weeks, ECT can help alleviate the symptoms of certain mental illnesses.Before having your first electroconvulsive therapy treatment, you need a complete physical examination, in addition to a psychiatric evaluation.These exams help make sure that ECT is safe for you.You must also sign informed consent documents authorizing the use of electroconvulsive therapy.Consent means that you understand the procedure and its risks and benefits.In either case, it's done under brief general anesthesia.Your health care team will tell you how long you must avoid food and drinks before the procedure.When it's time for the procedure, you may have a brief physical exam to check your heart and lungs.An intravenous (IV) catheter is inserted in your arm or hand through which medications or fluids can be given.During the procedure, monitors constantly check your heart, blood pressure and oxygen use.You may be given oxygen through an oxygen mask.Doctors place electrode pads, each about the size of a silver dollar, on your head.When the procedure begins, the doctor can make sure you're actually having a seizure by watching for movement in that one hand or foot.You may also be given a mouth guard to help protect your teeth and tongue from injury.Inducing a seizure
When you're asleep from the anesthetic and your muscles are relaxed, the doctor presses a button on the ECT machine.Because of the anesthetic and muscle relaxant, you remain relaxed and unaware of the seizure.This is recorded by an electroencephalogram (EEG) in much the same way as an ECG measures your heart's activity.Upon awakening, you may experience a period of confusion lasting from a few minutes to a few hours or more.Many people begin to notice an improvement in their symptoms after two or three treatments with electroconvulsive therapy.Researchers theorize that when ECT is administered on a regular basis, these chemical changes build upon one another, somehow reducing symptoms of severe depression or other mental illnesses.That's why electroconvulsive therapy is most effective with multiple treatments.ECT is effective in about 80 percent of people who receive the full course.Even after your symptoms improve, you likely will need ongoing treatment to prevent a recurrence.That ongoing treatment doesn't have to be ECT, but it can be.Although electroconvulsive therapy is generally safe, there are known risks and side effects.You may not know where you are or why you're there.This impairment in your thought process (cognition) generally lasts from a few minutes to several hours.ECT can affect memory in several ways.For most, retrograde amnesia obscures memory of the weeks or months leading up to treatment, although some people do have problems with memories from years previous, as well.And some people have trouble with memory of events that occur even after ECT has stopped.These memory problems usually improve within a couple of months.For some, though, memory loss is permanent.As with any type of medical procedure, especially one in which anesthesia is used, there are risks of medical complications.ECT medical evaluation helps identify medical conditions that may put you at increased risk of complications during ECT, enabling doctors to take special precautions.During ECT, heart rate and blood pressure increase, and in rare cases, that can lead to serious heart problems.ECT also carries a very small risk of death, about the same as with other procedures in which anesthesia is used.These are common and generally can be treated effectively with medications.You need quick relief of symptoms.Some people are extremely sensitive to antidepressants and experience significant side effects even with the lowest possible doses.In addition, women who are pregnant may not want to risk exposing their unborn babies to psychiatric medications.You didn't respond well to other treatments in the past.If you've had depression or other mental illnesses in the past and treatment wasn't effective, it may be time to consider ECT for the latest recurrence.You've already done well with ECT.If you were treated with ECT in the past and it worked well, you may decide that it makes sense to stick with a proven treatment if your condition recurs.ECT can often work faster than psychiatric medications or psychotherapy can, and it can help when other treatments have failed.The risks are real but usually small.LEGAL CONDITIONS AND TERMS OF USE APPLICABLE TO ALL USERS OF THIS SITE.Buy 2 books and get 1 free!Get your free trial issue of Health Letter now!The term is
misleading, because ECT is not a form of therapy, despite the
claims of its supporters.ECT causes brain damage, memory
loss, and diminished intelligence.Other recent estimates go as high as 100,000 per
year.In his
textbook Psychiatry for Medical Students, published in
1984, Robert J.ECT's mechanism of
action is not known.They say by some unknown mode
of action ECT cures these unknown biological abnormalities.Other than by
causing mental disorientation and memory loss, ECT does not help
eliminate the unhappy feeling called depression.The
electric shock is administered for as little as a fraction of a
second to as long as several seconds.Some
psychiatrists falsely claim ECT consists of a very small amount
of electricity being passed through the brain.In fact,
the 70 to 400 volts and 200 to 1600 milliamperes used in ECT is
quite powerful.The electricity in ECT is so powerful
it can burn the skin on the head where the electrodes are
placed.Of course, the worst part of ECT is brain damage, not broken
bones.Electricity is only one of several ways psychiatrists have
induced seizures in people for supposedly therapeutic
purposes.In September 1977 in the American
Journal of Psychiatry, psychiatry professor Max Fink, M.This argument misses the point.As was said
by Lothar B.This refers
to a fear which develops or increases only after a certain number
of treatments.In The Powers of
Psychiatry, published in 1980, Emory University Professor
Jonas Robitscher, J.ECT, the
effect of ECT is nonetheless intimidating.Another way
ECT achieves its effects is by damaging the brain.The rationale
for electroshock was formerly couched in psychoanalytic terms,
with punitive superegos sometimes requiring repeated shocks of
110 volts for appeasement.The truth is, however,
that electroshock 'works' by a mechanism that is simple,
straightforward, and understood my many of those who have
undergone it and anyone else who truly wanted t find out.Unfortunately, the advocates of electroshock (particularly those
who administer it) refuse to recognize what it does, because to
do so would make them feel bad.Electroshock works by
damaging the brain.In essence, what happens is that
the individual is dazed, confused, and disoriented, and therefore
cannot remember or appreciate current problems.The greater the brain damage, the more
likely that certain memories and abilities will never
return.I'd
rather have a small lobotomy than a series of electroconvulsive
shock.Electroconvulsive therapy in effect may be defined as a
controlled type of brain damage produced by electrical
means.Brain
Sciences, March 1984, p.The frontal
lobes get most of the electricity in ECT.Organic brain syndrome is organic brain disease.See, for example, Berton Rouche's
article in Suggested Reading, below).In one state, Texas,
a state law requires those considering ECT be warned about ECT
caused memory loss.ECT
usually being the person least likely to give this
warning.Autopsy study, EEGs, and observation of those who have received
ECT indicate those given ECT with anesthesia, a muscle
paralyzing drug, and forced breathing of air or oxygen
experience the same brain damage, memory loss, and intellectual
impairment as those given ECT without these modifications.ECT devices that predominated until the
1980s.Brain Sciences, March 1984, p.According to Chicago Medical School psychiatry
professor Richard Abrams, M.ECT devices do greater harm.ECT in which the electricity is
run through only one side of the head is less damaging are also
false.In most people it is the left side, but in
some it is the right side, so psychiatrists sometimes
inadvertently shock the side of the brain they are trying to
spare.The Man Who Mistook His
Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical Tales, pp.Psychiatrists
who use ECT are violating their Hippocratic oath to not harm
patients and are guilty of a form of health care quackery.Martin's Press, New York, 1991).Psychology Today magazine,
August 1975, p.Shock Treatment Is Not Good For Your
Brain: A Neurologist Challenges the Psychiatric Myth (Glide
Publications, San Francisco, 1976).His
pamphlets are not copyrighted.You are invited to make
copies for distribution to those who you think will benefit.Printer capable of duplexing (i.Smith:
In the 1997 edition of his book The Essential Guide to
Psychiatric Drugs, Columbia University Professor of
Psychiatry Jack M.The same is true regarding
the brain damage inflicted with ECT.In the 1997 edition of
this book, Dr.Sometimes,
memory problems can last longer, although six months is generally
the upper limit.What about those who insist they have
'permanent brain damage' from ECT?Gorman also
says: "ECT
is a treatment of great effectiveness and very small risk.First, the treatment is
admittedly mysterious.Stuart
Yudofsky, once likened it to kicking the television set when the
picture is fuzzy.We still haven't the slightest clue why
it works.All that is known is that causing a convulsion
in the brain relieves depression.The religious thinking of many "normal"
people is an
illustration of this.Gorman's 1997
revision of his book The Essential Guide to Psychiatric
Drugs shows psychiatry's false claims about ECT (and other
aspects of psychiatry) haven't changed.Although the process of ECT is no longer as barbaric as the image of Jack Nicholson being shocked in One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest, it is dehumanizing.Drummond graduated from Tufts University School of Medicine and was trained in psychiatry at Harvard University.August 23, 2000, it was reported that Kathleen Garrett, a 66 year old woman at DesPeres Hospital in St.Louis, Missouri was given electric shock treatments against her will on Monday, August 21 and Wednesday, August 23, 2000 and that she was scheduled for 10 to 12 more.Her son said: "When are they going to stop?August 24, 2000, it was reported that in response to protests by the public, the hospital had announced it would give Ms.This is especially good news for Ms.Garrett and her son, and it is a victory for us in our fight against psychiatric oppression, psychiatric assault, and violation of human rights in the name of mental health.It should encourage us to continue our efforts.People understand enough about electricity to realize how evil it was to damage this woman's brain with electroconvulsive "therapy" (ECT), especially against her will.UPDATE
"The mechanism by which ECT produces it effects is not known."On the same page that these textbook authors make this admission, they also repeat psychiatric myths about ECT, e."The major drawback of ECT is the production of a transient impairment of recent memory for the period of treatment and the days that follow."ECT and permanent loss of intelligence, such as reduced ability to form new memories and loss of reasoning or thinking ability that persists for the rest of an ECT victim's lifetime.ECT he could not remember his own name.The board by rule shall also prescribe the information that must be contained in the written supplement required under Subsection(c).Your browser isn't supporting the automatic redirect
Please go to the main page.This video has been added to your favorites.This video will appear on your blog shortly.Thank you for sharing your concerns.Content of this nature is not necessarily prohibited on YouTube, however we will review this video and take action as appropriate.Per our Community Guidelines, hate speech is specifically defined in reference to "protected groups."Please refer to our Help Center for more information and the complete instructions.In order to process a privacy complaint we need more information from you.Thank you for sharing this video!Change the value of a comment by clicking on a thumb.It's a bit much to say ECT causes brain damage.I've read some where, that there were two different machines.It's just something I read.Why would you necessarily equate "brain changes" with brain damage?The theraputic effect is a result of the induced grand mal seizure.ECT in the 1960's,
the use of ECT treatment declined.ECT is unknown, but this treatment appears
to have many effects.The night before a treatment you will not
have anything to eat or drink after midnight.At the same time, a mask
will be placed over your nose and mouth.The mask is used to provide you with oxygen.Occasionally, a patient may have a headache,
muscle aches, or nausea after the treatment.These side effects can be treated with medications
before or after the ECT.Recent past events (2 to 6 weeks before
treatment) are more sensitive to ECT.This memory impairment is potentially permanent.Any medical procedure involving anesthesia
carries some risks.
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