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news.This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title.If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.This page was last modified on 11 January 2008, at 21:52.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.The Evaluation Assurance Level (EAL1 through EAL7) of an IT product or system is a numerical grade assigned following the completion of a Common Criteria security evaluation, an international standard in effect since 1999.The EAL level does not measure the security of the system itself, it simply states at what level the system was tested to see if it meets all the requirements of its Protection Profile.To achieve a particular EAL, the computer system must meet specific assurance requirements.Most of these requirements involve design documentation, design analysis, functional testing, or penetration testing.The higher EALs involve more detailed documentation, analysis, and testing than the lower ones.Achieving a higher EAL certification generally costs more money and takes more time than achieving a lower one.The EAL number assigned to a certified system indicates that the system completed all requirements for that level.Therefore, a product with a higher EAL is not necessarily "more secure" in a particular application than one with a lower EAL, since they may have very different lists of functional features in their Security Targets.Security Target fulfill the application's security requirements.If the Security Targets for two products both contain the necessary security features, then the higher EAL should indicate the more trustworthy product for that application.EAL3: Methodically Tested and Checked
1.EAL4: Methodically Designed, Tested and Reviewed
1.EAL5: Semiformally Designed and Tested
1.EAL6: Semiformally Verified Design and Tested
1.Augmentation of EAL requirements
2.EAL1: Functionally Tested
EAL1 is applicable where some confidence in correct operation is required, but the threats to security are not viewed as serious.EAL1 provides an evaluation of the TOE (Target of Evaluation) as made available to the customer, including independent testing against a specification, and an examination of the guidance documentation provided.It is intended that an EAL1 evaluation could be successfully conducted without assistance from the developer of the TOE, and for minimal cost.An evaluation at this level should provide evidence that the TOE functions in a manner consistent with its documentation, and that it provides useful protection against identified threats.EAL2: Structurally Tested
EAL2 requires the cooperation of the developer in terms of the delivery of design information and test results, but should not demand more effort on the part of the developer than is consistent with good commercial practice.EAL2 is therefore applicable in those circumstances where developers or users require a low to moderate level of independently assured security in the absence of ready availability of the complete development record.Such a situation may arise when securing legacy systems.EAL3: Methodically Tested and Checked
EAL3 permits a conscientious developer to gain maximum assurance from positive security engineering at the design stage without substantial alteration of existing sound development practices.EAL4: Methodically Designed, Tested and Reviewed
EAL4 permits a developer to gain maximum assurance from positive security engineering based on good commercial development practices which, though rigorous, do not require substantial specialist knowledge, skills, and other resources.EAL4 is the highest level at which it is likely to be economically feasible to retrofit to an existing product line.Windows 2000 Service Pack 3 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.Operating systems that provide multilevel security are evaluated at a minimum of EAL4.EAL5: Semiformally Designed and Tested
EAL5 permits a developer to gain maximum assurance from security engineering based upon rigorous commercial development practices supported by moderate application of specialist security engineering techniques.Such a TOE will probably be designed and developed with the intent of achieving EAL5 assurance.It is likely that the additional costs attributable to the EAL5 requirements, relative to rigorous development without the application of specialized techniques, will not be large.EAL5 is therefore applicable in those circumstances where developers or users require a high level of independently assured security in a planned development and require a rigorous development approach without incurring unreasonable costs attributable to specialist security engineering techniques.Numerous smart card devices have been evaluated at EAL5, as have multilevel secure devices such as the Tenix Interactive Link.LPAR on IBM System z is EAL5 Certified.EAL6: Semiformally Verified Design and Tested
EAL6 permits developers to gain high assurance from application of security engineering techniques to a rigorous development environment in order to produce a premium TOE for protecting high value assets against significant risks.EAL6 is therefore applicable to the development of security TOEs for application in high risk situations where the value of the protected assets justifies the additional costs.Practical application of EAL7 is currently limited to TOEs with tightly focused security functionality that is amenable to extensive formal analysis.The Tenix Interactive Link Data Diode Device has been evaluated at EAL7 augmented, the only product to do so.Implications of assurance levels
Technically speaking, a higher EAL means nothing more, or less, than that the evaluation completed a more stringent set of quality assurance requirements.Impact on cost and schedule
In 2006, the US Government Accountability Office published a report on Common Criteria evaluations that summarized a range of costs and schedules reported for evaluations performed at levels EAL2 through EAL4.Range of completion times and costs for Common Criteria evaluations at EAL2 through EAL4.Augmentation of EAL requirements
In some cases, the evaluation may be augmented to include assurance requirements beyond the minimum required for a particular EAL.Officially this is indicated by following the EAL number with the word augmented and usually with a list of codes to indicate the additional requirements.As shorthand, vendors will often simply add a "plus" sign (as in EAL4+) to indicate the augmented requirements.EAL notation
The Common Criteria standards denote EALs as shown in this article: the suffix "EAL" concatenated with a digit 1 through 7 (Examples: EAL1, EAL3, EAL5).In practice, some countries place a space between the suffix and the digit (EAL 1, EAL 3, EAL 5).The use of a plus sign to indicate augmentation is an informal shorthand used by product vendors (EAL4+ or EAL 4+)."INFORMATION ASSURANCE: National Partnership Offers Benefits, but Faces Considerable Challenges" (PDF).National Information Systems Security Conference.This page was last modified on 29 April 2008, at 20:17.Sign in to get personalized recommendations.Need Gift Ideas for Mother's Day?Your search did not match any products.Too many keywords can constrain your search.Use fewer keywords to find more results.View or change your orders in Your Account.You have no recently viewed items or searches.After viewing product detail pages or search results, look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in.Bill Holtzman, from NATCA Communication Committee, has developed a more powerful
searchable version for the Engineers and Architects CBA and it is web based.There are no meetings scheduled at this time.Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and TechnologyEAL then awards scholarships to needy students in the donor's name.Journal of AccountancyThe Secure KVM Switch is listed by the National Information Assurance Partnership (NIAP), and is pending NIAP Common Criteria validation to EAL 4(a).This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.Friday, March 2nd 2007, at 3.NET event entitled "The collaboration between Universities and Companies.Suggested Learning Need Codes: 9020, 5410, 5000CPE Level: 1CPE Hours: 1
Learning ObjectivesAfter completing all four modules, and answering all the questions following each, participants will be able to:
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