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Eye to Eye biography, Eye to Eye discography
For other uses, see Eye for an Eye (disambiguation).This early belief is reflected in the Code of Hammurabi and in the laws of the Hebrew Bible (e.Lex talionis in Judaism
3.Some propose that this was at least in part intended to prevent excessive punishment at the hands of either an avenging private party or the state.Legal codes following the principle of lex talionis have one thing in common: prescribed 'fitting' counter punishment for an offense.In the famous legal code written by Hammurabi, the principle of exact reciprocity is very clearly used.The simplest example is the "eye for an eye" principle.Under the British Common Law, successful plaintiffs were entitled to repayment equal to their loss (in monetary terms).One's in jeopardy of "life and limb" in a criminal case; in a civil case, only one's money or property is in jeopardy.It is surmised that in societies not bound by the rule of law, if a person was hurt, then the injured person (or their relative) would take vengeful retribution on the person who caused the injury.The retribution might be much worse than the crime, perhaps even death.Some rabbinic literature explains, moreover, that the expression, "An eye for an eye, etc."Here, the Torah discusses false witnesses who conspire to testify against another person.The Torah requires the court to "do to him as he had conspired to do to his brother" (Dt 19:19).The sages of the Talmud understood the literal meaning of this verse as referring to a case where the woman is attacking a man in potentially lethal manner.Thus, it is impossible to read "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" literally in the context of a conspiratorial witness.In such cases, the court requires the guilty party to flee to a designated city of refuge.While the guilty party is there, the "redeemer of blood" may not kill him.If, however, the guilty party illegally forgoes his exile, the "redeemer of blood", as an accessory of the court, may kill the guilty party.According to traditional Jewish Law, application of these laws requires the presence and maintenance of the biblically designated cities of refuge, as well as a conviction in an eligible court of 23 judges as delineated by the Torah and Talmud."And the rest shall hear and be daunted, and they shall no longer commit anything like this wicked deed in your midst", Dt 19:20).Additionally, reciprocal justice in tort cases serves to compensate the victim (see above).The ideal of vengeance for the sake of assuaging the distress of the victim plays no role in the Torah's conception of court justice, as victims are cautioned against even hating or bearing a grudge against those who have harmed them.Lex talionis in Christianity
Christian interpretation of the biblical passage has been heavily influenced by the quotation from Leviticus (19:18 above) in Jesus of Nazareth's Sermon on the Mount.NRSV)
The passage continues with the importance of showing forgiveness to enemies and those who harm you.This saying of Jesus is frequently interpreted as criticism of the Hebrew Bible teaching, and often taken as implying that "an eye for an eye" encourages excessive vengeance rather than an attempting to limit it.But it need not be interpreted so.Augustine already discussed in his Contra Faustum, Book XIX.However he then calls on his followers to go further than the Law demands, in order to "Be perfect".In Islam the Quran permits exact and equivalent retribution.But it does, however promote forgiveness and the acceptance of blood money not as a mandatory requisite, but rather as a good deed that will be eventually rewarded (Quran 5:45).For example the "correctional" prison system (first instituted in the USA in the early 20th century) is based on the idea that the purpose of law enforcement is to correct the deviant nature of criminals by compelling them to reflect and regret their crimes during a lengthy incarceration; another alternative, the reformatory, was invented to "reform", i.Even though it may be hard to do in practice, certain belief systems (such as Christianity) teach individuals to forgive those who wrong them, rather than seek retribution for a wrong.Some subscribe to the Golden Rule of ethics rather than any law of retaliation.Crosses series by Malorie Blackman, written for World Book Day 2003.The Bruce Springsteen song "Empty Sky" has lyrics "an eye for an eye."Unit feature a song called "Eye For Eye" on their Beg for Mercy Album
The Audioslave song, Wide Awake, contains the line "were it an eye for an eye"
The Temptations 1969 song "Ball of Confusion" has the line, "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth vote for me and I'll set you free."The band UNKLE has a song titled "Eye for an Eye".In the game World of Warcraft, "Eye for an Eye" is a name of a Paladin (World of Warcraft) talent in the Retribution tree
On the May 17, 2007 edition of TNA Impact!The Greece based black metal band Rotting Christ has a song called 'Lex Talionis' from their 2002 album Genesis.The Daemonarch project has a song called 'Lex Talionis'
The British progressive blackened death metal band Akercocke has a song called 'Lex Talionis' pm their 2005 album Words That Go Unspoken, Deeds That Go Undone.A'
In episode 18 of the English dubbed version of Death Note, L attacks Light in response to an assault saying "An eye for an eye, my friend."In the Japanese version, it is translated loosely as "one for one"."Eye For An Eye" is the title an episode of the animated television series Danny Phantom.Contra Faustum, Augustine of Hippo, NewAdvent.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.This video will appear on your blog shortly.Thank you for sharing this video!Please login to add to favorites.Please login to add to flag a video.This video has no Responses.Change this to see only comments above a certain value.How about you go fuck yourself?This any better for you?Wow, such a constructive reply.You should lay off the green.Would you like to comment?We've started to post answers to these questions.The octopus or the insect?Problems: Symptoms from A to Z
C Slonim, G White, AllAboutVision.It is also called
the invidious eye and the envious eye.Farsi it is
bla band (the eye of evil).The word "evil"
is unfortunate in this context because it implies that someone has "cursed" the victim, but
such is not the case.British and Scottish word for it is
"overlooking," which implies merely that the gaze has remained too long upon
the coveted object, person, or animal.Many books have been written about the evil eye.Saharan Africa or Australia until the
introduction of European culture, is based upon underlying
beliefs about water equating to life and dryness equating to
death.As Dundes points out in support of this theory, evil eye belief
is geographically spread out in a radiating ring from ancient
Sumer, where it apparently got its start.The belief extends eastward to India,
westward to Spain and Portugal, northward to Scandinavia and Britain, and
southward into North Africa.It is now
a fairly widespread belief among indigenous people in Latin
America.Oh, what a pretty child!Mentions of the evil eye (ayin ha'ra) in the Bible clearly refer to the role
that envy and covetousness play in its development.Jewish Christians believed
in ayin ha'ra, for it is written there that when Jesus Christ
lectured about defilement, he told his followers that ayin
ha'ra comes forth from a man and defiles him just the same as if he had
committed a physical crime: "From within, out of the heart of men,
proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders, thefts,
covetousness, wickedness, deceit, lasciviousness, an evil eye, blasphemy,
pride, foolishness."There is a great deal of attention paid to protecting babies from
ayin ha'ra among Jews, and red threads are commonly employed for
this purpose.Jewish belief in the evil eye has resulted in certain community
safeguards to prevent it occurring.One exception to this custom is
made during the month of Adar (Pisces or the Fishes)
when, during the Feast of Purim, the Scroll of Esther
(Megillat Esther in Hebrew) is read in its lengthy entirety (the whole
megillah!Torah reading that everyone gets a turn and no
jealousy will be engendered, and even if someone did get jealous, the
event would occur in the month of Adar and "fishes are immune to
ayin ha'ra.""When someone is jealous,
he makes a complaint that is heard by God, and if the person who is
being complained against is proud or ungenerous, then God judges him
and lowers him."There the regionally idiosyncratic belief is that certain people
(including at least one former Pope) are born with the evil eye and
"project" it involuntarily.Jettatores are not necessarily evil or envious people, according to this
belief system, and they are often represented as being saddened and
embarrassed by the harm they cause.In other areas, praise of a child can be
safely mediated by immediately touching the child, to "take off the
eye."If the praiser fails to follow these protocols, the mother may
invoke religious aid by uttering a formulaic prayer to obviate the
possibility of an evil eye incident, or she may speak ill of
the child to counter the damage caused by the praise.In Italy, the evil eye is said to affect men as well as children,
nursing mothers, fruit trees, and dairy animals.Typical protective
aversions of this problem include making the gestures called the
mano fico ("fig hand") and the mano cornuto ("horned hand").Among some people this
is the sign of a cuckholded man, but it is also widely used as a
protective gesture against impotency.Man makes when he "thwips" web fluid from his
wrists.It means literally means "fig hand" in Italian, but "fica" or fig
is a common slang term for the female genitals, so the mano fico is a representation of
the sex act (with the thumb as phallus).They may also
make a particular hand gesture, placing the right thumb in the left palm and
the left thumb in the right palm and closing their fingers over the thumbs.In Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan, Moslem people combine an aporopaic approach with
a cure.DIAGNOSING AND CURING THE EVIL EYE
A mother takes her little toddler to town and someone sees the
child and says, "Oh, how pretty she looks!Soon she
becomes dehydrated and may be very ill indeed.The mother takes
her to a conventional doctor, but "nothing can be done."Sometime the
evil eye is diagnosed from the circumstances: the child
was well in the morning, was praised or
gazed upon, began sweating and vomiting and the cause is clear.But most often the diagnosis and cure involve a complex series of
rituals, which vary by culture.In Eastern Europe, the evil eye is diagnosed by dropping
charcoal, coal, or burnt match heads into a pan of water.If the coals
float, the child has been
given the evil eye.In the Ukraine, melted wax may be dripped into holy water to diagnose spiritual diseases.If the remorseful perpetrator can be made to spit into
the water before the child drinks it, so much the better.In
order to avoid direct accusations of having caused such a
calamity, a family member may stand outside the church when the
supposed perpetrator attends and ask all who pass by to spit into
a cup of holy water, thus embarrassing no one.If the drops run
together in the form of an eye, the evil eye is the cause of the
illness.The commentary is hers as well.This material appears in "The Healer of Los Olmas and Other
Mexican Lore."EVIL EYE
The evil eye is an ailment common among small children.If
a woman or a man sees a child with physical attributes which
he admires, he must touch the child and invoke God's
protection so that the baby will not suffer from the evil
eye.Babies suffer
the direst consequences.So if a woman casts an evil eye on a child's
hand, it will be swollen and red.In most instances, the cure for evil eye is simple.After the cure, precautions must be taken in the disposal
of the egg or eggs used.EVIL EYE (2)
When Chita was small, I took her down town on one
occasion.Mexican woman approached me
and wanted to touch Chita.The little woman left, and I didn't believe in the evil
eye; so I thought no more about it.He came
and looked at her.We went from
one doctor to another, but it didn't do any good.Finally one day my comadre Mrs.Ramos came over, and
she looked at Chita and said, "This child is suffering from
the evil eye.The evil eye
has gone into the egg; that's why it looks like this."EVIL EYE (3)
In my home, whenever anyone became ill my aunt was
called.My aunt came and passed an unbroken
egg over my little brother's face.After that she said several prayers and swept my brother
from head to foot.Both Perez's introduction and the second collected story accord
with the notion that *touching*
the child dispels the eye or prevents it from being cast.There are other, locally popular charms as well that derive from
other iconographic and symbolic sources.Among the ancient Egyptians the eye of the god Horus, called the
wadjet or udjat eye, was worn for
magical protection.In Nepal, where a hybrid form of religion called Tibetan Buddhism combines elements
of the old animist beliefs with reverence for
Gautama Buddha,
a wonderful amulet called the eye of Buddha
is worn to reflect back the evil eye.Roman hand of power, a bronze votary
of a hand covered with symbolic images that was kept on the
home altar to protect and bless the entire family.Peru, as a protective package amulet, the symbolic
images that cover the hand have been replaced by saints and a
gaping crucifixion wound represents the eye in the palm.The Middle East is home to the hamsa hand or hamesh hand charm
(also known as the hand of Fatima among Arabs and the Hand of Miriam among Jews).Likewise it is an old Jewish
custom to place a red thread on a baby to protect it from ayin ha'ra.In Italy, when a man's potency is threatened by the evil eye,
gold or silver hand charms making the mano
fico ("fig hand") and mano
cornuta ("horned hand") gesture are used to repel the
evil.Due to its
phallic shape, it is usually only used by males.Every town
had a jewelry store that sold them and all the men seemed to be
wearing them.They are, as
she explained to me, a specific against impotence.Isis is generally shown suckling her son Horus) and
young babies.The use of a horseshoe to
represent the lunar crescent is also ancient.Gypsy mirror charms
mentioned above, locally popular amulets for animals include a scrap of wolf's fur
(Naples), bells (all of Europe), images of mermaids called Sirens
(Naples), and ornamental "horse brasses," often cast in the form of a
lucky horseshoe (England).Milk cows and milk goats (they dry up)
Fruit trees (they wither and die or they do not bear fruit)
Fathers and sons (orphans or fathers who have lost sons envy them)
Adult men (they become impotent)
(Note: as Prof.Dundes points out, most of these symptoms involve the loss of
FLUIDS.Exhibition of charms and amulets.There are a few
photos and drawings of amulets and seals, but it is not a heavily
illustrated book.It also contains Dundes'
important article "Wet and Dry: The Evil Eye."Augmented by
Elworthy's book, this collection forms a nearly complete picture of
evil eye belief worldwide.It can be purchased from The Lucky Mojo Curio Co.The
Soledad Perez oral history material cited above is the only part of the book
that deals directly with the evil eye.You are currently reading
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