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Glider biography, Glider discography
For other uses, see Glider (disambiguation).See also gliding and motor gliders for more details.Terminology
A "glider" is an unpowered aircraft.The most common types of glider are today used for sporting purposes.The design of these types enables them to climb using rising air and then to glide for long distances before finding the next source of lift.This has created the sport of gliding, or soaring.The term "sailplane" is sometimes used for these types, implying a glider with a high soaring performance.Like sailplanes these can use upwardly moving air to soar but differ in not having a fuselage, control surfaces or a control column.Although many gliders do not have engines, there are some that use engines occasionally (see Motor glider).There are also 'touring motor gliders', which can switch off their engines in flight though without retracting their propellers.The term "pure glider" (or equivalently, but less commonly "pure sailplane") may be used to distinguish a totally unpowered glider from a motorized glider, without implying any differential in gliding or soaring performance.History
In China, kites rather than gliders were used for military reconnaissance.However the Extensive Records of the Taiping Era (978) suggests that a true glider was designed in the 5th century BC by Lu Ban, a contemporary of Confucius.Abbas Ibn Firnas invented the first weight shift aircraft ( hang glider) and is also claimed as the inventor of the first manned glider in 875 by fixing feathers to a wooden frame fitted to his arms or back.Abbas was seriously injured in the resulting crash.Santos Dumont, Otto Lilienthal, Percy Pilcher, John J.Montgomery, and the Wright Brothers are other pioneers who built gliders to develop aviation.The sporting use of gliders rapidly evolved in the 1930s and is now the main application.Military gliders were then developed by a number of countries, particularly during World War II, for landing troops.The two most common methods of launching gliders are by aerotow and by winch.When aerotowed, the glider is towed behind a powered aircraft using a rope about 60 meters (about 200 ft) long.The glider's pilot releases the rope after reaching the desired altitude, but the rope can also be released by the towplane in an emergency.Winch launching uses a powerful stationary engine located on the ground at the far end of the launch area.More rarely, powerful automobiles are used to pull gliders into the air, by pulling them directly or through the use of a pulley in a similar manner to the winch launch.Elastic ropes can also be used to launch gliders off slopes if there is sufficient wind blowing up the hill.The glider will then gain height using ridge lift.Glider pilots can stay airborne for hours.Thermals
The most commonly used source of lift is created by the Sun's energy heating the ground which in turn heats the air above it.This warm air rises in columns known as thermals.Also, nearly every glider contains an instrument known as a variometer (a very sensitive vertical speed indicator) which shows visually (and often audibly) the presence of lift and sink.Having located a thermal, a glider pilot will circle within the area of rising air to gain height.Ridge lift (Orographic lift)
Another form of lift occurs when the wind meets a mountain, cliff or hill.Gliders can climb in this rising air by flying along the feature.This is referred to as "ridge running" and has been used to set record distance flights along the Appalachians in the USA and the Andes Mountains in South America.Mountain wave
The third main type of lift used by glider pilots are the lee waves that occur near mountains.The top of each wave peak is often marked by lenticular cloud formations.Morning Glory has also been used by glider pilots in Australia.After climbing in lift, gliders move on to find the next source of lift, or to land.As the glider descends, the air moving over the wings generates lift.The lift force acts slightly forward of vertical because it is created at right angles to the airflow which comes from slightly below as the glider descends, see Angle of attack.This horizontal component of lift is enough to balance drag and allows the glider to move forward.Glider design
Early gliders had no cockpit and the pilot sat on a small seat located just ahead of the wing.These were known as "primary gliders" and they were usually launched from the tops of hills, though they are also capable of short hops across the ground while being towed behind a vehicle.To enable gliders to soar more effectively than primary gliders, the designs minimized drag.Gliders now have very smooth, narrow fuselages and very long, narrow wings with a high aspect ratio.Cockpit of a Typical Modern Glider.The early gliders were made mainly of wood with metal fastenings, stays and control cables.This material is still used because of its high strength to weight ratio and its ability to give a smooth exterior finish to reduce drag.Flaps are fitted on some gliders so that the optimal lift of the wing is available at all speeds.With each generation of materials and with the improvements in aerodynamics, the performance of gliders has increased.One measure of performance is the glide ratio.Libelle of the 1960s increased that to 39:1, and nowadays flapped 18 meter gliders such as the ASG29 have a glide ratio of over 50:1.After the wings' surfaces have been shaped by a mold to great accuracy, they are then highly polished.Modern competition gliders are also designed to carry jettisonable water ballast (in the wings and sometimes in the vertical stabiliser).The extra weight provided by the water ballast is advantageous if the lift is likely to be strong, and may also be used to adjust the glider's center of mass.Although heavier gliders have a slight disadvantage when climbing in rising air, they achieve a higher speed at any given glide angle.This is an advantage in strong conditions when the gliders spend only little time climbing in thermals.The pilot can jettison the water ballast before it becomes a disadvantage in weaker thermal conditions.To avoid undue stress on the airframe, gliders must jettison any water ballast before landing.For competitions seven classes of glider have been defined by the FAI.German name "Doppelsitzer"
Club Class (This class allows a wide range of older small gliders with different performance and so the scores have to be adjusted by handicapping.Water ballast is not allowed).This allows competitions be run with only one type of glider.Schneider Flugzeugbau GmbH (taken over by DG Flugzeugbau)
See also the full gliders and manufacturers list, past and present.Gliders must be equipped with an altimeter, compass, and an airspeed indicator in most countries, and are often equipped with a variometer, turn and bank indicator and an airband radio (transceiver), each of which may be required in some countries.Indicating Radio Beacon (ELT) may also be fitted into the glider to reduce search and rescue time in case of an accident.Much more than in other types of aviation, glider pilots depend on the variometer, which is a very sensitive vertical speed indicator, to measure the climb or sink rate of the plane.This enables the pilot to detect minute changes caused when the glider enters rising or sinking air masses.Both mechanical and electronic 'varios' are usually fitted to a glider.Gliders' variometers are sometimes fitted with mechanical devices such as a "MacCready Ring" to indicate the optimal speed to fly for given conditions.MacCready theory solves the problem of how fast a pilot should cruise between thermals, given both the average lift the pilot expects in the next thermal climb, as well as the amount of lift or sink he encounters in cruise mode.Soaring flight computers, often used in combination with PDAs running specialized soaring software, have been specifically designed for use in gliders.The track of a glider while thermalling in the Austrian Alps using SeeYou(C) visualization software.Provide the glider's position in 3 dimensions by a moving map display
Alert the pilot to nearby airspace restrictions
Indicate position along track and remaining distance and course direction
Show airports within theoretical gliding distance
Determine wind direction and speed at current altitude
Show historical lift information
Create a secure GPS log of the flight to provide proof for contests and gliding badges
Provide "final" glide information (ie showing if the glider can reach the finish without additional lift).Indicate the best speed to fly under current conditions
After the flight the GPS data may be replayed on specialized computer software for analysis and to follow the trace of one or more gliders against a backdrop of a map, an aerial photograph or the airspace.In the longer term, gliders may eventually be required in some European countries to fit transponders once devices with low power requirements become available.Glider markings
Like all other aircraft, gliders are required to be painted with a national aircraft registration number, known as a "tail number" or in the U.The required size of these numbers varies from country to country.Some countries allow registration numbers as small as 1 cm in height; other countries specify a minimum height of 2 inches, 3 inches, or 12 inches, sometimes depending on the age of the aircraft.They are unrelated to the glider's registration number, and are assigned by national gliding associations.Fibreglass gliders are white in color after manufacture.Since fibreglass resin softens at high temperatures, white is used almost universally to reduce temperature rise due to solar heating.Color is not used except for a few small bright patches on the wing tips; these patches (typically bright red) improve gliders' visibility to other aircraft while in flight.Gliders have been developed specifically for this type of competition, though most gliders can perform simpler aerobatic maneuvers such as loops and chandelles.Basic information about gliders at www.Gao Yang conducted an experiment by having Yuan Huangtou and a few prisoners launch themselves from a tower in Ye, capital of the Northern Qi.NASA's web site for Space Shuttle Glider at www.Gliders, Sailplanes, Gliding and Soaring...Burt and Kathie Compton invite you to Fly Gliders!Do you have a question about
gliders or soaring?Glider is a tool that plays your World of Warcraft character for you, the way you want it.It grinds, it loots, it skins, it heals, it even farms
soul shards...Learn more about how to escape the grind in the frequently asked questions or just download
the free evaluation copy and try for yourself.FREE Shipping to All 50 States!Welcome to our site our company is located in San Diego, California owned and operated by real surfers.We have been designing and producing surf related products since 2000.Have an upcoming event or surf contest?Call us for product donations.Monday, March 29, 2007
Our new product line order forms are now available!Monday, January 01, 2007
It's now easier than ever the find and order the Glider you're looking for!Then add your item to your PayPal cart where you can safely and securely place your order.Friday, July 22, 2005
The Gliders USA website is currently in the midst of reconstruction.Many new features are being implemented into the newest version.Some features may not yet be working properly.If you notice any such instances, please notify the webmaster with any details of the problem.If you have any questions or comments regarding this site or products within, please feel free to contact either Gliders USA or the webmaster.Paper airplanes are the most obvious example, but gliders come in a wide
range of sizes.Toy gliders, made of balsa wood or styrofoam, are an excellent
way for students to study the basics of
aerodynamics.The Wright brothers perfected the design of the first airplane and
gained piloting experience through a series of glider flights from 1900 to 1903.More sophisticated gliders are
launched by ground based catapults, or are towed aloft by a
powered aircraft then cut free to glide for hours over many miles.Compared to a powered aircraft,
a glider has only three main forces acting on it:
lift,
drag, and
weight.In order for a glider to fly, it must generate lift
to oppose its weight.To
generate
lift, a glider must move through the air.But the motion of a
glider through the air also generates drag.In a powered aircraft, the
thrust
from the engine opposes drag.But a glider has no
engine to generate thrust.With the
drag unopposed,
a glider quickly slows down until it can no longer
generate enough lift to oppose the weight.So how does a glider generate the velocity needed for
flight?The simple answer is that a glider trades altitude for velocity.It
trades the potential energy difference from a higher altitude to a
lower altitude to produce kinetic energy, which means velocity.Gliders are always descending
relative to the air in
which they are flying.How do gliders stay aloft for hours if they constantly
descend?If the pilot can locate a
pocket of air that is rising faster than the glider is descending,
the glider can actually gain altitude, increasing its potential
energy.Rising pockets of hot air are called
thermals.Large gliding birds, such as owls and hawks, are
often seen circling inside a thermal to gain altitude without
flapping their wings.Gliders do exactly the same thing.If you wish to use any of the material on this homepage ASK me first.Trinitus, F3J and many other glider related topics.Many of my pages are mostly advanced links collections and
some are mostly my own words.All pictures are thumbnails for faster loading, so have a click and see a
larger version.This way YOU can write to me and
no program can detect that this is actually an email adress.We set up this site to streamline the purchase of accounts for our Glider software, a utility for automating certain features of World of Warcraft.Glider is a tool that plays your World of Warcraft character for you, the way you want it.It grinds, it loots, it skins, it heals, it even farms soul shards...For more information on MMO Glider, click here.Registration of Glider will enable it to run without the demo timer limitation.Registering Glider also removes the delay at startup.Once your payment is confirmed, you will be emailed your activation key for Glider.Glider fights with no development tools required.Glider log your character in automatically during startup and disconnects, or schedule automatic relogging.Glider fights with no development tools required.Glider log your character in automatically during startup and disconnects, or schedule automatic relogging.PC for other things while gliding.Glider fights with no development tools required.Glider log your character in automatically during startup and disconnects, or schedule automatic relogging.ElitePass codes, similar to game cards.MMO Glider, All rights reserved.Use of "botting" software with World of Warcraft is a violation of the WoW Terms of Service agreement and may result in banned accounts.Are you sure you want to log out?Welcome to the Glider Forums.If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above.You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed.To start viewing messages, select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below.State of the Glider, Jan 1...Anything related to Glider that doesn't fit in a better forum.Access allowed to all forum users.Unable to open WoW key in...Forum for the discussion of MDY Industries, LLC.Suggestions for Glider general play or configuration.For individual class suggestions, use the appropriate class forum.Our store includes Wombaroo, shirts, mugs, and much more!!Custom images can also be purchased on apparel and accessories.Participating rescues have been screened and are dedicated to providing the best care and homes to unwanted sugar gliders.In Memory
The GA site is in loving memory and dedicated to my first sugar glider, Erwin.Erwin is the reason I am so dedicated to sugar glider outreach and education, and why I was first blessed with beautiful joeys in my home.This site is a member of WebRing.
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