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This article is about the mythological figure.Zeus, who changed her into a heifer to escape detection.The myth is told most anecdotally by Ovid, in Metamorphoses.As Io tells her own story in Aeschylus' Prometheus Bound, she rejected his whispered nighttime advances until the oracles caused her own father to drive her out into the fields of Lerna.Argus Panoptes to keep her separated from Zeus.Caucasus by Zeus for teaching Man how to make fire and tricking him into accepting the worse part of a sacrifice while the mortals kept the better part (meat); every day, a giant eagle fed on Prometheus' liver.Io escaped across the Ionian Sea to Egypt, where she was restored to human form by Zeus.Their grandson, Danaos, eventually returned to Greece with his fifty daughters (the Danaids), as recalled in Aeschylus' play The Suppliants.Hesiodic Aigimios as well as in an Oxyrhynchus papyrus fragment supplementing the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women.In a fragment of the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women."House of Argos" cannot be reconciled with the myths.Burkert, Homo Necans (1974) 1983:164 note 14, giving bibliography.Io: naiad nymph of Argolis and Egypt Assembles the essential references in Greek and Latin literature, in translation.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.It is the most volcanic body known, with lava flows,
lava lakes, and giant calderas covering its
sulfurous landscape.This places Io within an intense radiation belt that bathes the
satellite with energetic electrons, protons, and heavier ions.As
the Jovian magnetosphere
rotates, it sweeps past Io and strips away
about 1,000 kilograms (1 ton) per second of volcanic gases and other
materials.This produces a neutral cloud of atoms orbiting with Io as
well as a huge, doughnut shaped torus of ions that glow in the
ultraviolet.The torus's heavy ions migrate outward, and their
pressure inflates the Jovian magnetosphere to more than twice its
expected size.Io acts as an electrical generator as it moves through Jupiter's magnetic
field, developing 400,000 volts across its diameter and generating an
electric current of 3 million amperes that flows along the magnetic field
to the planet's
ionosphere.Above Auroral Glow:
This eerie view of Io was acquired by the Galileo spacecraft while the moon
was in Jupiter's shadow.Gases above the satellite's surface produce a
ghostly glow that can be seen at visible wavelengths.The green and red emissions are
probably produced by mechanisms similar to those in Earth's polar regions
that produce aurora.Galileo continued
to observe the stars and Jupiter for the next week.After a week, Galileo observed that
the four stars never left the vicinity of Jupiter, appeared to be
carried along with the planet, and changed their position with
respect to each other and Jupiter.Finally, Galileo determined that what
he was observing were not stars, but planetary bodies that were in orbit
around Jupiter.This discovery provided evidence in support of the still
heretical Copernican solar system and showed that everything did not
revolve around the Earth.In 1676 a Danish astronomer Ole Romer was able to make the first
accurate measurement of the speed of light by using eclipse timings of
the Galilean satellites with Jupiter's shadow.Simon de Laplace during the late 1700s when he deduced
that the orbital periods of Io, Europa, and Ganymede are nearly in a
perfect 1:2:4 ratio.These in turn were used to calculate the
mean density of Io (3.Left: This cutaway illustration shows the possible internal structure of Io.The interior characteristics of the moon are inferred from gravity field and
magnetic field measurements by the Galileo spacecraft.Io has a metallic (iron, nickel)
core (shown in gray) drawn to the correct relative size.Io's rock or silicate shell extends to the surface.Based on density, surface composition analysis, and gravity data, Io
appears to be a rocky silicate rich body that has a dense iron, iron
sulfide core that extends halfway to the surface with a partially melted
silicate rich mantle, and a thin rocky crust.During the early formation of the
solar system,
Jupiter would have been very hot.This may have prevented lighter
elements from condensing at the inner orbits.The mini system of Galilean
satellites orbiting Jupiter resembles that of the solar system with the
rocky, dense planets at the innermost orbits and the light, least dense
planets at the outer orbits.Mean distance from Jupiter (km)421,600
Rotational period (days)1.Io Rotation with Enhanced Colors.For comparison, the
photo on the left was taken in March 1994 before the spot emerged,
and shows that Io's surface had undergone only subtle changes since it
was last seen by the Voyager 2 probe in 1979.The new spot in the July 1995 Hubble image replaces a smaller whitish
spot seen at about the same location in the March 1994 image.On the limb of Io are two blue volcanic eruption
plumes about 100 kilometers (62 miles) high.These two plumes were first
seen by Voyager 1 in March 1979 and are designated Plume 5 (upper) and
Plume 6 (lower).Voyager 2, all of which were first seen by Voyager 1.Plume 1, the
largest volcano viewed by Voyager 1, was no longer erupting when Voyager
2 arrived.Plume 4 was not viewed on the edge of Io's disc by Voyager 2
and, therefore, it is not known whether it was still erupting.This image is the highest resolution image ever taken of Io.Illumination is from the lower right, but the topographic
shading is difficult to see because of the strong contrasts in
brightness of the surface materials.This is a close up view of Io's northern hemisphere.The central feature has been named Loki Patera.The large dark
area might be a lake of liquid sulphur with a raft of solid sulphur
inside.The northernmost caldera has a
bright blue patch on the floor.Scientists believe the bright blue patch
may be clouds of gas issuing from volcanic vents.The gas clouds may
condense to form extremely fine particles that appear blue.Sulfur
dioxide clouds would rapidly freeze and snow back to the surface.Voyager 1 took this picture of the P3 Prometheus volcano on March 4, 1979.Ra Patera is a large shield volcano with multi colored flows.Some of these flows are 300 kilometers (186 miles) in length.The pronunciation "EE oh" is also acceptable.But there are very few, if any, impact craters on Io (left).Some of the volcanoes are active!The volcanic eruptions change rapidly.Voyager 2 some of them stopped
and others started up.Ra Patera has also been seen by
HST.These observations confirm that Io's surface is very active indeed.Sulfur and its compounds take on a wide range of colors which are
responsible for Io's variegated appearance.Or there may be a variety of different materials in different locations.Some of the
hottest spots
on Io may reach temperatures as high as 2000 K though the average is much lower,
about 130 K.The energy for all this activity probably derives from tidal interactions
between Io, Europa, Ganymede and Jupiter.Europa which in turn orbits twice for each orbit of
Ganymede.Moon is not heated by Earth in this way.Though small compared to the tidal heating, this
current may carry more than 1 trillion watts.Io which forms a torus of intense radiation
around Jupiter.Io has a thin atmosphere composed of sulfur dioxide and perhaps some other
gases.It seems that Io is radiating heat faster than the tidal mechanism can
generate it.Is the present epoch atypically active?Or is there some
additional source of heat?Does Io have its own magnetic field?If so, what is its origin?Commons IO is a library of utilities to assist with developing IO functionality.The latest version is v1.The user list is suitable for most library usage queries.This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them.Jupiter is the fascinating moon, Io, one of
four moons discovered by Galileo in 1610.Jupiter on September 21, 2003.
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