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Machine Miscommunications, Portland, OR, pp.Contextual Information and Specific Language Models for Spoken Language Understanding.Metrics for Evaluating Dialogue Strategies in a Spoken Language System.From tonight all our prices have been reduced by almost a HALF!That means more music for your money.We have made an agreement with the trusted payment processor located in USA.Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.In Working Notes of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Empirical Methods in Discourse Interpretation and Generation.Under this underlying assumption the system pro actively asks for the query parameters and it is able to account for those spontaneously proposed by the user.From another perspective increasing knowledge about the context can be extracted by a dialogue management module in order to improve robustness at syntactic or semantic level.Pragmatics information can contribute in building up both syntactic and semantic expectations (e.This is the case when conf(w) T.The metrics used for the objective evaluation were: word accuracy (WA) key word accuracy (KWA) implicit recovery (IR) sentence recognition (SR) sentence understanding (SU) turn correction ratio (TCR) contextual appropriateness (CA) transaction success (TS) and dialogue abandonment on the ....Morena Danieli y Elisabetta Gerbino.Proceedings of the 1995 AAAI Spring Symposium on Empirical Methods in Discourse Interpretation and Generation, pp.DATE: A Dialogue Act Tagging Scheme for Evaluation of..Delta has a flight departing Atlanta at nine thirty.Although IMPLICIT CONFIRMS typically occur as part of a successful sequence of extracting trip information from the caller, they can also occur in situations where the system is having trouble understanding the caller.Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.In Working Notes of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Empirical Methods in Discourse Interpretation and Generation.Danieli and Gerbino, 1995, Van Noord, 1997, Kasper et al.The Architecture of the Core Understanding Component The AUTOSEM core input understanding component constructs deep syntactic analyses in parallel with semantic representations.Due to the costs of experimentation, only a few global strategies are typically explored in any one experiment.Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.However, they could not report whether the higher transaction success or the ....The metric for these experiments are based on a combination of dialogue quality and efficiency ....Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.RL for Dialogue Policy Design In this section, we describe the abstract methodology we propose to ....Predicting and Adapting to Poor Speech Recognition in a Spoken..In contrast, consider the use of system initiative with explicit confirmation, our most conservative parameterization of dialogue strategies.Although this configuration is cumbersome and typically increases total dialogue length (Walker, Fromer, Narayanan 1998; Danieli Gerbino 1995), it is sometimes effective as in the third portion of Figure 2.The use of explicit confirmation also helps increase the user s task success (Danieli Gerbino 1995), by making it easy for users to correct misrecognitions when they do occur.Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.Reinforcement Learning in the ELVIS System lead to significant decreases in user satisfaction (Shriberg, Wade, Price, 1992; Danieli Gerbino, 1995; Kamm, 1995; Baggia et al.We concluded that the relationship between these measures is both interesting and complex and that a method for ....Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.Under this underlying assumption the system pro actively asks for the query parameters and it is able to account for those spontaneously proposed by the user.Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.Ros e and Lavie Lavie1995; Abney1996; Ehrlich and Hanrieder1996; Srinivas et al..Ros e and Lavie plete meaning representations from the fragments constructed by a partial parser (Danieli and Gerbino1995; Van Noord1996) Thus, while they achieve an admirable effectiveness efficiency trade off, they lose the quality of domain independence.In contrast, the ROSE approach uses genetic programming to automatically learn how to construct reasonable repair hypotheses given a meaning representation ....Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.Pragmatics information can contribute in building up both syntactic and semantic expectations (e.Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.However, they could not report whether the higher transaction success or the ....Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.SLSs for accessing travel information in both the United States and Europe in the early 1990 s.Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.Shriberg, Wade, and Price, 1992) Consider a comparison of two train timetable information agents (Danieli and Gerbino, 1995), where Agent A in Dialogue 1 uses an explicit confirmation strategy, while Agent B in Dialogue 2 uses an implicit confirmation strategy: 1) User: I want to go from Torino to Milano.Agent A: Do you want to go from Trento to Milano Yes or No User: No.A6: Do you want to go to Milano AC U6: Yes.AC A7: At which time do you want to leave DR U7: I want to travel in the evening.DR A8: Do you want to leave between 6 and 9 p.DR Yes or No DR U8: Yes.DT : Figure 2: Agent A dialogue interaction (Danieli and Gerbino, 1995) a corresponding AVM instantiation indicating the task information requirements for the scenario, where each attribute is paired with the attribute value obtained via the dialogue.In Working Notes of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Empirical Methods in Discourse Interpretation and Generation.AAAI Symposium on Empirical Methods in Discourse Interpretation and Generation, California, USA, pp.Gerbino, "Metrics for Evaluating Dialogue Strategies in a Spoken Language System," Proc.Metrics for Evaluating Dialogue Strategies in a Spoken Language System', In Proceedings of the 1995 AAAI Spring Symposium on Empirical Methods in Discourse Interpretation and Generation, pp.Gothic arches and palm fronds.It's ornately decorated throughout, and the rooms vary in decor, size, and style but are all opulent, in rich fabrics, antique furnishings, Oriental rugs, and lavish accents from marble bathrooms or frescoes to oil paintings or stone fireplaces.It'd be a shame to miss out on that incredible lagoon view.Note: This information was accurate when it was published, but can change without
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document.For text ads, display each ad in turn.Time Reversal Mirror and Perfect Inverse Filter in a Microscopic Model for Sound Propagation.Environmentally induced Quantum Dynamical Phase Transition in the spin swapping operation.Gonzalo Agustin Alvarez, Ernesto Pablo Danieli, Patricia Rebeca Levstein, Horacio Miguel Pastawski.Quantum dynamics under coherent and incoherent effects of a spin bath in the Keldysh formalism: application to a spin swapping operation.The hotels surrounding the Congress Center are where most of them are clinched.Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.Under this underlying assumption the system pro actively asks for the query parameters and it is able to account for those spontaneously proposed by the user.From another perspective increasing knowledge about the context can be extracted by a dialogue management module in order to improve robustness at syntactic or semantic level.Pragmatics information can contribute in building up both syntactic and semantic expectations (e.This is the case when conf(w) T."Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system".Proceedings of the 1995 AAAI Spring Symposium on Empirical Methods in Discourse Interpretation and Generation, pp.DATE: A Dialogue Act Tagging Scheme for Evaluation of..London More rarely, an implicit confirmation is followed by PRESENT INFO: a flight on Monday September 25.Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.The Architecture of the Core Understanding Component The AUTOSEM core input understanding component constructs deep syntactic analyses in parallel with semantic representations.Interleaving semantic interpretation with syntactic analysis makes it ....Due to the costs of experimentation, only a few global strategies are typically explored in any one experiment.Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.CARMEL s repair stage can increase the number of acceptable interpretations produced by between 3 (when using a high exibility setting) and 9 (when a restricted exibility setting is used) taking on average only .Furthermore, the performance of a dialogue strategy depends on many other factors, such as the user population, the robustness of the automatic speech recognizer (ASR) and task difficulty (Kamm et al.Due to the costs of experimentation, only a few global strategies are typically explored in any one experiment.However, recent work has suggested that dialogue strategy can be designed using the formalism of Markov decision processes (MDPs) and the algorithms of RL ....The motivation for PARADISE was that problems arise when a battery of metrics is used.We have not previously made specific recommendations about what metrics to use, as we consider this an active area of research (Walker and Hirschman, 2000; Polifroni et al.The metric for these experiments are based on a combination of dialogue quality and efficiency ....Empirical Evaluation of a Reinforcement Learning..We note that there is genuine and spirited debate over choices of initiative and confirmation among dialogue system designers (Danieli and Gerbino, 1995; Haller and McRoy, 1998, 1999; Smith, 1998; Walker et al.RL for Dialogue Policy Design In this section, we describe the abstract methodology we propose to ....Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.Predicting and Adapting to Poor Speech Recognition in a Spoken..In contrast, consider the use of system initiative with explicit confirmation, our most conservative parameterization of dialogue strategies.Giving the system the initiative about what to ask for next helps to reduce ASR misrecognitions (Walker, Fromer, Narayanan 1998) by helping to keep the user s utterances within the system s vocabulary and grammar.The use of explicit confirmation also helps increase the user s task success (Danieli Gerbino 1995), by making it easy for users to correct misrecognitions when they do occur.Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.An Application of Reinforcement Learning to Dialogue Strategy..Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.Domain Independent Approach for Efficiently Interpreting..Van Noord1996) More restrictive partial parsers are attractive because the majority of disfluencies encountered in spoken input can be handled effectively without the full power of MDP.Ros e and Lavie plete meaning representations from the fragments constructed by a partial parser (Danieli and Gerbino1995; Van Noord1996) Thus, while they achieve an admirable effectiveness efficiency trade off, they lose the quality of domain independence.In contrast, the ROSE approach uses genetic programming to automatically learn how to construct reasonable repair hypotheses given a meaning representation ....In Working Notes of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Empirical Methods in Discourse Interpretation and Generation.HERALD: Hybrid Environment for Robust Analysis of Language..Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.First, several different metrics may contradict one another.Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.The Utility Of Elapsed Time As A Usability Metric For..Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.Readers who wish to may substitute the word system wherever agent is used.Shriberg, Wade, and Price, 1992) Consider a comparison of two train timetable information agents (Danieli and Gerbino, 1995), where Agent A in Dialogue 1 uses an explicit confirmation strategy, while Agent B in Dialogue 2 uses an implicit confirmation strategy: 1) User: I want to go from Torino to Milano.Agent A: Do you want to go from Trento to Milano Yes or No User: No.User: I want to travel from Torino to ....AC A7: At which time do you want to leave DR U7: I want to travel in the evening.DR A8: Do you want to leave between 6 and 9 p.DR Yes or No DR U8: Yes.For example, assume that a scenario requires the user to find a train from Torino to Milano that leaves in the ....Guinn, 1994) Empirical research in testbeds for human computer dialogue interfaces is very recent (Hirschman et al.Smith and Gordon, this volume) These dialogue interfaces also provide an opportunity for task efficacy evaluation, as discussed above, and there are already many examples of dialogue systemsbeing tested in field trials with representative populations of users (Danieli and Gerbino, 1995; Kamm, 1995; Meng et al.Danieli, Morena and Elisabetta Gerbino.Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.Guinn, 1994) Empirical research in testbeds for human computer dialogue interfaces is very recent (Hirschman et al.Other research parameterizes the dialogue manager to select different behaviors in different contexts, such as expert vs.Smith and Gordon, this volume) These dialogue interfaces also provide an opportunity for task efficacy evaluation, as discussed above, and there are already many examples of dialogue systems being tested in field trials with representative populations of users (Danieli and Gerbino, 1995; Kamm, 1995; Meng et al.Overview of the Issue The articles in this issue represent many of the empirical methods discussed above and span research on dialogue tagging, generation of referring expressions, generation of explanations, topic identification, ....Danieli, Morena and Elisabetta Gerbino.Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.Simpson and Fraser, 1993) Consider a comparison of two train timetable information agents (Danieli and Gerbino, 1995), where Agent A in Dialogue 1 uses an explicit confirmation strategy, while Agent B in Dialogue 2 uses an implicit confirmation strategy: 1) User: I want to go from Torino to Milano.Agent A: Do you want to go from Trento to Milano Yes or No User: No.A6: Do you want to go to Milano AC U6: Yes.DR A9: There is a train leaving at 8:00 p.DT : Figure 2: Agent A dialogue interaction (Danieli and Gerbino, 1995) attribute is paired with the attribute value obtained via the dialogue.For example, assume that a scenario requires the user to find a train from Torino to Milano that leaves in the evening, as in the longer versions of Dialogues 1 and 2 in Figures 2 and 3.Table 2 contains an AVM ....Danieli, Morena and Elisabetta Gerbino.Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.In this paper we propose using a simulated user for an automatic assessment of a spoken dialogue system.With user simulations we gain the following advantages: ffl automatic evaluation of a large number of dialogues can be performed without expensive manual investigation, ffl due to reduced ....The lack of a general framework for evaluating and comparing spoken dialog systems has resulted in the use of a variety of measures of system performance (e.PARAdigm for DIalog System Evaluation) is a general framework for evaluating spoken dialog agents that integrates and enhances previous work in this area.Gerbino, "Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system", in Proc.AAAI Spring Symposium on Empirical Methods in Discourse Interpretation and Generation, 1995, pp.Although individual users differ with respect to their knowledge of system limitations (Kamm et al.Danieli and Gerbino, 1995) For users ....One reason for this is the less than perfect performance of current speech recognizers.The mixed initiative strategy requires more complex grammars, possibly resulting in higher automatic speech recognition (ASR) error rates.Danieli and Gerbino1995, Eckert1995, Walker et al..This refers to whether the user got the information they were asking for in an effortless manner.TS can be partly inferred from a study of the protocols and a comparison of the system output with a reference output.The adoption of defensive dialogue strategies in EVAR, where each new parameter has to be confirmed (usually, cumulatively with others) safeguards that the correct database entry will be retrieved at the expense of the interaction speed (cf.Processing time elapsed between system utterances: In general, the user does not have to wait for more than 10 secs.Metrics for evaluating dialogue strategies in a spoken language system.Metrics for Evaluating Dialogue Strategies in a Spoken Language System.AAAI Symposium on Empirical Methods in Discourse Interpretation and Generation, California, USA, pp.Gerbino, "Metrics for Evaluating Dialogue Strategies in a Spoken Language System," Proc.
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