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Napalm biography, Napalm discography
This article needs additional citations for verification.Although other groups had previously played fast and aggressive music, Napalm Death are credited with defining the grindcore genre through their blend of industrial, hardcore punk and metal musical structures, aggressive playing, fast tempos, and deep guttural vocals.The early history of the band is one of constant member rotation: the group did not contain any original members by the time of the recording of the second side of their debut album Scum in 1987.Napalm Death were formed in the village of Meriden near Birmingham, in the United Kingdom, in 1982 by Nic Bullen and Miles Ratledge while the duo were still in their early teenage years.The duo had been playing in amateur bands since 1980 as an extension of their fanzine writing, and went through many names (including "Civil Defence", "The Mess", "Evasion" and "Undead Hatred") before choosing Napalm Death at the beginning of 1982.Nicholas Bullen on vocals and bass, Simon Oppenheimer on guitar, and Miles Ratledge on drums, and lasted from December 1981 to January 1982.Darryl left the group in October 1982.Bullen joined Broadrick's Final" project for a period in 1983.After this concert, Miles Ratledge and Bullen asked Broadrick to join Napalm Death as guitarist, with Bullen as vocalist and bassplayer.The band began to develop a musical style which blended elements of Post Punk (particularly Killing Joke and Amebix), heavy Punk in the vein of Discharge, and Thrash Metal (with particular reference to Possessed and Celtic Frost).The group played their first concert as a trio on 31 August 1985 (playing 2 concerts on the same day: Telford with Chumbawamba and Blyth Power, and Birmingham with We've Got a Fuzzbox and We're Gonna Use It), and began to play regularly in the Birmingham area (particularly at The Mermaid public house in the Sparkhill area of Birmingham) with a wide range of musicians including Icons of Filth, Concrete Sox, The Varukers, Decadence Within, and The Groundhogs.Following the recording of the demo, Bullen and Broadrick wished to extend their exploration of a more extreme musical style which created a split in the group with Ratledge: as a result, the group splintered and Mick Harris(a local fan) was asked to join as drummer in December 1985.December 1985 and went on to play many concerts in 1986, predominantly in the Birmingham area, with musicians such as Amebix, Antisect, Chaos UK, Varukers, Disorder and Dirge.Guitarist Bill Steer played in a band based in Liverpool, called Carcass and given the affinity between the bands, he joined Napalm Death while still playing an active role in Carcass.This classic attempt against perceived logical musical structure features seminal Grindcore classics such as "Dragnet", "Control", and "You Suffer".The band then appeared on two compilation records (North atlantic noise attack and the Pathological), recorded two Peel sessions and a Split 7" with Japanese grinders S.They also returned to Rich Bitch studio once more and recorded their second album: From Enslavement to Obliteration.Following the release, Napalm Death had a participation on BBC's Arena Heavy Metal Special, which proved how successful the band could be.Carcass, while Dorrian formed the doom metal outfit Cathedral.After recruiting new members, the band took part of the Grindcrusher tour, with fellow labelmates Carcass, Bolt Thrower and Morbid Angel.They went to the American death metal producer Scott Burns who lives and works in Florida and records mostly in the Morrisound Recording studio.In addition, death metal was a major influence on Harmony Corruption, more so than their previous records.The band caught considerable flack from longtime fans in respect to the "Death Metal" sound and production of Harmony Corruption.British underground "elites", Napalm entered Eddie Van Dale's Violent Noise Experience Club in March of '91 to record six new tracks.This recording, along with the Mentally Murdered 12", the spit 7" with S.Drummer Mick Harris eventually left Napalm Death because of conflicts regarding their musical style.Danny Herrera, a close friend to Jesse Pintado, was brought in to replace Mick.Napalm Death released a new record, Utopia Banished.After recording The World Keeps Turning EP, the band toured Europe with Dismember and Obituary on the "Campaign for Musical Destruction" tour.They then toured the US with Sepultura, Sacred Reich and Sick Of It All.The remixed version of the track appeared on the EP of the same name in 1992.Thereafter, they went to the studio and recorded Fear, Emptiness, Despair.Live concerts with Entombed, Obituary and Machine Head showed the audience how violent and aggressive the new Napalm Death sound was.They continued with the experimentation through the rest of the 1990s.The Greed Killing EP was the next release from the band, through Earache.Greenway went to record with Extreme Noise Terror (the ENT release Damage 381 features Barney on lead vocals) and ENT's main singer Phil Vane went to fill vocals slot in Napalm Death.Things did not go as well as they were supposed to, and Vane was kicked out of the band just before they got into the studio to record the new album.And so Greenway returned to Napalm Death.In 2004, they recorded a covers album called Leaders Not Followers: Part 2, the sequel to their earlier covers EP.It contains covers of old hardcore punk and heavy metal bands, including Cryptic Slaughter, Massacre, Kreator, Sepultura, Siege and Discharge.Nevertheless Pintado stated that he left because he grew tired of Napalm Death and wanted to start something new.In April 2005, their next album The Code Is Red...Long Live the Code was released.Napalm Death finished recording their new album titled Smear Campaign in June 2006; released on September 15, 2006 to very strong reviews from fans and critics alike.The main lyrical focus is criticism of the United States Government and other governments who are strongly religious.The album features a guest appearance by Anneke van Giersbergen, vocalist for the Dutch rock band The Gathering.In early 2006 Napalm Death headlined a tour with Kreator, A Perfect Murder, and Undying.On August 27, 2006, Jesse Pintado died in a hospital in the Netherlands due to liver failure, prompting Mitch Harris to express his sadness at the loss of someone he thought of as "a brother" on the band's official website.Also appearing on the tour will be Straight Line Stitch, 36 Crazyfists, and Invitro.The Guilty Gear character Sol Badguy's Instant Kill move is called Napalm Death.Timeslides' as the drummer in character Dave Lister's band Smeg and the Heads.Alternative Metal band System of a Down gave thanks to Napalm Death in the booklet for their self titled album.In the computer game SSX Tricky, it is stated that the character, Psymon Stark's, favorite band is Napalm Death.Lee Dorian starred on British pop quiz Never Mind the Buzzcocks as part of the "Identity Parade" game.Selling Death Metal Band Of The SoundScan Era.This page was last modified on 9 May 2008, at 12:41.The government has granted Napalm.Net exclusive rights to sell actual napalm produced for war to the public!Net has bought 5,000 pounds of weapons grade Napalm and has individually packaged it in safe, attractive, displayable canisters.Each canister holds one liter of actual Napalm which you can ONLY purchase through Napalm.Engineered at Harvard University, napalm has become an instrument of mass destruction.Used extensively in 3 wars, napalm has proven itself as an effective tool in the military arsenal.Dow Chemicals came under scrutiny and was criticized heavily for its role in such a devastating weapon.During WWII and the Korean War, napalm was used on gatherings of enemy troops in the open air, land vehicles, artillery and rocket launchers, service facilities, command centers, road blocks, fortifications, radar, airplanes, airstrips, bridges, and tunnels.Napalm was a popular weapon because of its broad uses and its ability to be forgiving with accuracy.Most of us became aware of napalm because of its extent use during the Vietnam War.Unlike the previous war, napalm wasn't used to destroy but rather to burn down the jungle.The Viet Cong's geurilla techniques made them a worthy adversary.The ARVN (Army of the Republic of VietNam) and the US's Army needed a way to draw the VC troops out of their hiding positions in the jungle.This is where napalm comes into play.Once napalm starts to burn, it is very difficult to put out.Under attack of falling napalm, the VC troops had to either flee their current position, or risk being burned to death.The napalm we ship is very safe.It will only burn at a very high temperature, requiring thermite to act as its catalyst.Download the latest Napalm Recs Catalog (8.NAPALM RECORDS NEW RELEASE HIGHLIGHTSThe latest Napalm Records compilation is available for a limited time and contains a preview (15 Tracks) of the latest from Napalm Records including Hollenthon, Tyr, and Lacrimas Profundere to name but a few.Napalm Records has made promo information avaiable for download.Find the latest bios, high resolution photos for use in print media, fan pages and any other form of promotional activity benefiting Napalm Records and its artists.ALESTORM live at Wacken Open Air...DEICIDETill Death Do Us PartUltra Ltd Ed20.You know, one time we had a hill bombed, for
twelve hours.When it was all over I walked up.Officials confirm dropping firebombs on Iraqi troops By James W.Prize winning photograph during the Vietnam War taken in 1972, when she was a child, running naked down a road, screaming in pain from the napalm that was burning through her skin.Ironically, this incident did not involve any American participation, and their impact in Vietnam was minimal.In the United States, however, the impact of this scene was tremendous, and uniformly negative.Practically everyone old enough to have viewed the news during those years remembers this scene, and others like them, with a combination of revulsion and disgust.There are many types of napalm, with dozens of different compositions.Napalm (trade name) is a powder.Fire bomb fuel gel mixture, the new nomenclature for napalm, is a mixture of fuel and gelling solution that are combined to produce a thickened mixture.The fuel gel mixture is stringy and sticky, and readily adheres to most surfaces.Burn victims of napalm do not experience 1st degree burns due to the adhesive properties of napalm that stick to the skin.When Napalm ignites, it rapidly deoxygenates the available air.Napalm creates a localized atmosphere of at least 20 percent carbon monoxide.During World War I, both Germany and the US used an early form of napalm in combat flamethrowers, but the substance burned out too quickly to be very effective at igniting targets.During the early months of World War II, the US Chemical Warfare Service used latex from the Para rubber tree to jell gasoline.This jelled gasoline shot further from flamethrowers, stuck to the target better, and burned longer.But when the US entered the war in the Pacific, natural rubber was in short supply.On their own, naphthalene and palmitate are relatively harmless substances.The aluminum soap of naphtenic and palmitic acids turns gasoline into a sticky syrup that carries further from projectors and burns more slowly but at a higher temperature.Mixing the aluminum soap powder with gasoline produced a brownish sticky syrup that burned more slowly than raw gasoline, and hence was much more effective at igniting a target.Compared to previous incendiary weapons, napalm spread further, stuck to the target, burned longer, and was safer to its dispenser because it was dropped and detonated far below the airplane.After the Korean War a safer but equally effective napalm compound was developed.NP2, and it uses no napalm!Instead, polystyrene and benzene are used as a solvent to solidify the gasoline.Napalm is less flammable than gasoline and therefore less hazardous.Napalm is actually harder to ignite than might be expected.Thermite is typically used to ignite napalm.Some forms of modern napalm cannot be ignited by a hand grenade.Napalm in War
Napalm appeared fairly late in WWII and was used much more in Korea and later.Napalm was a big hit with the allied forces, who used it extensively in World War II in flamethrowers and fire bombs.Continent, where it was handled by air chemical companies.Tinian, part of the Marianas island chain in the Pacific.The bombs were longer than a tin can, but about as big around.In a Japanese residential neighborhoods with wood and paper houses, there was no way to fight the fires.On March 9 and 10, 1945, US forces dropped more than 1,500 tons of napalm bombs, all produced at Rocky Mountain Arsenal, on Tokyo.In the battle of Iwo Jima, aircraft from small escort aircraft carriers delivered napalm bombs and rockets to the island and supported US troops.When indendiary weapons were dropped on bunkers in Germany, the intense heat literally baked and dehydrated the dead, giving rise to the German word "Bombenbrandschrumpfeichen," meaning "firebomb shrunken flesh."The attack on Dresden in February 1945 has always been a contentious issue because of the number of lives lost, the lateness of the war, and the cultural significance of the city.Military records indicate that about half of the bombs that rained on Dresden were napalm bombs.The exact number of casualties from the Dresden bombings can never be firmly established.The Allies placed the German capital in a different category, ordering attacks on "city center" and employing the maximum number of incendiary bombs.During the Korean War, the US dropped approximately 250,000 pounds of napalm per day.By 1951, new ones were being made which held 90 gallons.On an average good day, the expenditures of napalm were: Air Force, 45,000 gallons; Navy, 10,000 to 12,000 gallons; Marines, 4,000 to 5,000 gallons.That problem was solved by using thermometers and the E3R2 mixing unit.The E3R2 is very efficient, and when standardized will alleviate mixing problems.This required the expenditure of more tanks, but was necessary at times.Napalm was very effective against enemy personnel and as an antitank weapon.When the bomb landed, the burning napalm spread out and dropped down into foxholes.It was especially effective against trenches and improvised protections such as drainage and irrigation ditches where enemy soldiers were spread out along a wide front.There were three main reasons for duds: extremely low altitudes, failure to arm the bomb, and broken arming wires.The value of napalm was indicated by the great number of requests for its use.Napalm, dropped from low altitude, was recognized as the most effective air weapon against tanks, troops in trenches, and inflammable targets.South Korea on suspicion they harbored enemy infiltrators.Survivors and other witnesses said as many as 300 civilian refugees were killed in the US air attack at a cave near Youngchoon, 90 miles southeast of Seoul.When the American firebombs hit, hundreds of terrified refugees trapped in the cave rushed for the entrance, but only a dozen escaped.According to the DPRK, from 11 July to 20 August 1951, more than 10,000 United States planes had conducted over 250 air raids on Pyongyang, dropping as many as 4,000 bombs, killing 4,000 civilians and wounding 2,500 more.According to the DPRK report, Napalm and other bombs dropped by United States war planes totaled more than 600,000 tons, which was 3.To its critics, napalm represented the fiery essence of all that was horrible about the war in Vietnam.Most people still associate napalm with the image of a young girl running with a group of other victims, skin peeling off in layers, after her village was doused with napalm.Images of napalm igniting in jungles, in villages, and on the people of Vietnam are still cultural icons of the era.Nearly 400,000 tons of napalm were dropped on targets in Vietnam, giving rise to the Army marching song which includes the chorus line, "Napalm sticks to kids!".Vietnamese fighter escort aircraft, when using napalm to clear landing zones, often made the strikes just before the helicopters arrived; the resulting fire and smoke constituted a serious hazard to the helicopters.Naturally, this method of dropping napalm was only used on specific targets where tactical air could not be effectively used.The Johnson administration denied repeated requests for authorization to attack these air defense sites.When they were finally authorized for attack during Linebacker I, the targets were attacked with weapons that would minimize the risk of structural damage to the dikes.This was accomplished through the use of napalm, strafing, cluster munitions, and other antipersonnel weapons.Dow Chemical was responsible for the manufacture of napalm for the US military between 1965 and 1969.Demonstrations against the company stirred public controversy.Harun Farocki's astute 1969 film "Inextinguishable Fire" focused on the production of Napalm B by the Dow Chemical Company.After weighing the moral and practical aspects, Dow decided that its first obligation was to the government.Israel used napalm during the 1967 war and in the 1980's in Lebanon.The Israeli forces attacked the ship with napalm, with canon fire, and with torpedoes.This was followed by shots at the life rafts of people trying to escape the ship.In Angola, the Portuguese military used defoliants and napalm, mined trails, and poisoned water holes as tactics to counter their adversaries.By 1969, the Biafrans had reassessed the resolve of their Nigerian opponent.The verdict was that the unrestrained aerial attacks on undefended hospitals and markets, especially with napalm, and the tightening blockade were further evidence of the Federal desire to commit genocide, i.Andorinhas Mountains, which do not have natural cover.After being bombarded with napalm by the Air Force, the mountains were the object of a vigorous search and encirclement mission conducted by a large force.Israeli war, Moshe Dayan was nearly injured when an Egyptian helicopter dropped a napalm barrel near him at Adan's command post on the east bank.They were used to combat British helicopters and shot down two.They also delivered NAPALM against British positions on at least one occasion.In early November 1994, Serbs from within Croatia launched missile and air strikes on the Bihac pocket.During an attack on November 18, these forces used napalm and cluster bombs, which the Security Council noted was "in clear violation of Bihac's status as a safe area."The air attacks from Croatia led the Security Council to authorize the use of NATO air power on targets in Croatia.The Palm Enterprises Treatment Facility is an abandoned hazardous waste treatment facility located at the Naval Weapons Station Seal Beach, Detachment Fallbrook military installation.Several pieces of ancillary equipment were also used in the treatment process.During 1989, the Palm Enterprises Treatment Facility was deactivated permanently when Palm Enterprises operations were discontinued due to the failure of the facility equipment to induce adequate throughput of the napalm through its distillation process to separate the benzene and polystyrene from the gasoline.Napalm was used during the Persian Gulf War.The massive defeat of the Iraqi military machine tempted the Iraqi Kurds to revolt against the Baghdad regime.Kurds of northern Iraq rebelled against a nominally defeated and certainly weakened Saddam Hussein in March of 1991.Shortly after the war ended, Kurdish rebels attacked disorganized Iraqi units and seized control of several towns in northern Iraq.Fear of being drawn into an Iraqi civil war and possible diplomatic repercussions precluded President Bush from committing US forces to support the Kurds.Within days Iraqi forces recovered and launched a ruthless counteroffensive including napalm and chemical attacks from helicopters.They quickly reclaimed lost territory and crushed the rebellion.In late 1997, Turkey launched attacks on Kurdish villages in Northern Iraq.The use of napalm and cluster bombs against civilians in Northern Iraq was part of Turkey's military efforts against the Kurds.The US stockpile of napalm had been kept at the naval weapons station in Fallbrook, CA since 1973.For 25 years, the napalm washas been stored there at an ammunition depot.Concern was minimal until it started leaking out of the canisters into the soil and into the air, giving way to rising concern to the Navy.Chicago residents protested and stopped a shipment of napalm from coming through their area.This came on the heels of their earlier intent to dispose in East Chicago.On 04 April 2001, at Fallbrook Naval Weapons Station, the US military sent the last two canisters of napalm to be burned as additives at coal and natural gas plants in Texas and Louisiana.After more than two decades, the last of the nation's inventory of napalm was erased from the history books.This project has made headline news across the country.The public did not always support the project because napalm's Vietnam War legacy.Eike Hohenadl, the then disposal plant's site manager, was quoted as saying that "Napalm is a memory of a war that most Americans would like to forget.Jazeera on December, 14, 2001 that the US was using napalm at Tora Bora in Afghanistan.The US Department of Defense denied the use of napalm during Operation Iraqi Freedom.US Depeartment of Defense had been in fact been sent to the Australian Sydney Morning Herald newspaper which had claimed that napalm had been used in Iraq.But the official Department of Defense definition of napalm is "1.Powdered aluminum soap or similar compound used to gelatinize oil or gasoline for use in napalm bombs or flame throwers.Sign in to get personalized recommendations.Use fewer keywords to find more results.If you want to specify which of your search terms should match the author's name and which should match the title, you should conduct an Advanced Search.View or change your orders in Your Account.You have no recently viewed items or searches.To learn more about napalm visit Britannica.An incendiary mixture of polystyrene, benzene, and gasoline.The verb is 1950, from the noun.Napalm was developed during World War II.Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.Napalm explosion at an air show in 2003.Napalm is the name for a number of flammable liquids that have been used in warfare.Napalm is actually the thickener in such liquids.When it is mixed with gasoline, the thickener makes a sticky incendiary gel.It was developed by the U.The team leader was Louis Fieser.The name Napalm has comes from the ingredients that were first used to make it.Coprecipitated aluminum salts of naphthenic and palmitic acids.One of the major problems of early incendiary fluids (such as those used in flamethrowers) was that they splashed and drained too easily.Napalm provided a far cheaper alternative.Napalm was used in flamethrowers and bombs by the U.Allied forces, to increase the usefulness of flammable liquids.Napalm is made to burn at a specific rate and stick to materials.This is done by mixing different of amounts of Napalm and other materials.Another useful (and dangerous) effect, primarily involving its use in bombs, was that napalm "rapidly deoxygenates the available air" .Napalm bombs were also used in the Vietnam War to clear landing zones for helicopters.Though napalm was a 20th century invention, it is part of a long history of incendiary materials in warfare.Napalm bombs were first used in the Pacific Theatre during the Battle of Tinian by Marine aviator.Prisoners of war confirmed that they feared napalm more than any other weapon thrown at them.Napalm became one of the preferred weapons of the Korean War.Pilots returning from the war zone often remarked they would rather have a couple of gasoline tanks full of napalm to drop than any other weapon, bombs, rockets or guns.Air Force and Navy used napalm with great effect against all manner of targets to include troops, tanks, buildings and even rail road tunnels.The demoralizing effect napalm had on the enemy became apparent when scores of North Korean troops began to surrender to aircraft flying overhead.Pilots noted that they saw surviving enemy troops waving white flags on subsequent passes after dropping napalm.The pilots radioed to ground troops and the North Koreans were captured.Serbia (1994), Turkey (1963, 1974, 1997), Angola, United States.In some cases, napalm disables and kills its victims very quickly.These damage parts of the skin which does not have pain receptors.However, victims who suffer 2nd degree burns from splashed napalm will be in significant amounts of pain.They automatically attribute all napalm cases to domestic accidents caused by the people using gasoline instead of kerosene in their cooking stoves."Napalm is the most terrible pain you can imagine," said Kim Phuc, a napalm bombing survivor known from a famous Vietnam War photograph."Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.Napalm generates temperatures of 800 to 1,200 degrees Celsius."United Nations' inhumane weapons convention (often referred to as the CCW) in 1981 Protocol III of the CCW restricts the use of incendiary weapons (not only napalm), but a number of states have not acceded to all of the protocols of the CCW.The United States, for example, is a party to the CCW but did not sign protocol III.An Ecuadorian air force IAI Kfir aircraft drops napalm on a target range during the joint US and Ecuadorian Exercise BLUE HORIZON.Reports by the Sydney Morning Herald suggested that napalm has been used in the Iraq War by US forces.Department of Defense denied this.In August 2003, the San Diego Union Tribune said that U.Marine pilots and their commanders confirmed the use of Mark 77 firebombs on Iraqi Republican Guards during the start of combat.Official denials of the use of 'napalm' were, however, disingenuous, as the Mk 77 bomb that is currently in service at this time, the Mk 77 Mod 5, does not use actual napalm (e.Mark 77 Mod 4, the last of which were destroyed in March 2001.The substance used now is a different incendiary mixture.It is sufficiently analogous in its effects that it is still a controversial incendiary, and can still be referred to colloquially as 'napalm."We napalmed both those (bridge) approaches," said Col.Randolph Alles in a recent interview."Unfortunately, there were people there because you could see them in the (cockpit) video.""They were Iraqi soldiers there.It's no great way to die," he added.These bombs did not actually have napalm in them.Very often, the recipes say that they will make a thick substance using gasoline, with soap or polystyrene as a thickening agent.Napalm is usually a mixture of gasoline with suitable thickening agents.Depending on how much thickener is added, the resulting viscosity may range between syrupy liquid and thick rubbery gel.The content of long hydrocarbon chains makes the material highly hydrophobic (resistant to wetting with water), making it more difficult to extinguish.Thickened fuel also rebounds better from surfaces, making it more useful for operations in urban terrain.As the water content impairs the quality of napalm, thickener from partially used open containers should not be used later.It is less hygroscopic than M1 and opened containers can be resealed and used within one day.It was used in the Vietnam War.This reduces the number of accidents caused by soldiers smoking.Starting in the early 1990s, various websites including The Anarchist Cookbook advertised recipes for homemade napalm.Other additives can be added, eg.In the early 1950s, Norway developed its own napalm, based on fatty acids in whale oil.In the film Apocalypse Now, assault helicopter pilot Colonel Kilgore (Robert Duvall) famously declares "I love the smell of napalm in the morning...In the American newspaper comic Calvin and Hobbes, Calvin's favorite comic book superhero (and a character he wants to become) is Captain Napalm.To add an aspect of irony (especially when considered with the usage of napalm in Apocalypse Now), the tagline for Captain Napalm is "Defender of the American Way"."And napalm sticks to kids!"In the film Fight Club, the screenwriters were originally going to have Tyler Durden (played by Brad Pitt) recite a working recipe for napalm.The book's altered recipes claim that, in addition to orange juice, mixing equal parts gasoline and diet cola, or thickening gasoline with cat litter, will work.In the 1973 Japanese kaiju film Godzilla vs.Megalon, the enemy Megalon, was shown to be able to spit napalm bombs that explode on contact.There is a metal band called Napalm Death.Napalm Survivor Tells of Healing After Vietnam War.This page was last changed on 14 April 2008, at 16:47.
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