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Oceanliners biography, Oceanliners discography
Liners may also carry cargo, and may sometimes be used for other purposes (e.Cargo vessels running to a schedule are sometimes referred to as liners.Ocean liners typically were strongly built with high freeboards to withstand sea states and adverse conditions encountered in the open ocean, and had large capacities for fuel, victuals, and other stores which would be consumed on voyages which took from several days to several weeks.In addition to passengers, liners carried mail and cargo.It was on this route that the fastest, largest and most advanced liners travelled.Regular scheduled voyages on a set route are called "line voyages" and vessels (passenger or cargo) trading on these routes to a timetable are called liners.Brunel before the launching of the SS Great Eastern.The clipper domination was challenged when SS Great Western, designed by railway engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel, began its first Atlantic service in 1837.Unlike the clippers, steamers offered a consistent speed and the ability to keep to a schedule.Britannia began its first regular passenger and cargo service by a steamship, sailing from Liverpool to Boston.Despite some advantages offered by the steamships, clippers remained dominant.More efficient propellers began to replace the paddle wheels used by earlier ocean liners.Umbria and Etruria by the standards of the time were record breakers.They were the largest liners then in service and they plied the Liverpool to New York Service.Driven by strong demand created by European emigration to the United States and Canada, international competition between passenger lines and a new emphasis on comfort, shipping companies built ever larger and faster ships.In 1891 CPR shipping division began its first Pacific operation.Since the 1830s ships had unofficially been competing for the honor of making the fastest North Atlantic crossing.In 1905 British company Cunard fitted their liner Carmania with steam turbines and it outperformed its near identical sister Caronia, powered by triple expansion steam engines.At the time, these were the largest ships in the Cunard fleet, and the use of the different propulsion methods in otherwise similar ships allowed the company to evaluate the merits of both.The engines in Carmania were successful and consequently in 1907 the Cunard Line introduced the much larger Lusitania and Mauretania, both powered by steam turbines.Cunard's dominance of the Blue Riband did not keep other lines from competing in terms of size and luxury.The largest, Bismarck, would be the largest ship in the world until 1935.America before World War I; after the war they were seized as war reparations and given to British and American lines.After the Titanic disaster the regulation was revised to require all ocean liners to carry enough lifeboats for all passengers and crew.In addition International Ice Patrol was established to monitor the busy north Atlantic shipping lanes for icebergs.Until the 1920s most shipping lines relied heavily on emigration for sales and they were hard hit when the US Congress introduced a bill to limit immigration into the United States.To make matters worse, the great depression put many shipping lines into bankruptcy.Despite the harsh economic conditions, a number of companies continued to build larger and faster ships.The post World War II era was a brief but busy period.Italy's giants, the Rex and the Conte di Savoia were destroyed by the British RAF and the retreating German forces, respectively.President Coolidge to, of all things, an Allied mine in the South Pacific.More recently, during the Falklands War, three ships that were either active or former liners were requisitioned for war service by the British Government.England to Australia liner Canberra served as troopships, carrying British Army personnel to Ascension Island and the Falkland Islands to recover the Falklands from the invading Argentine forces.Nazaire to German bombing while attempting to evacuate troops of the British Expeditionary Force from France, with the loss of over 3,000 lives; the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff with over 9,000 lives lost, and the sinking of the Cap Arcona with over 7,000 lives lost in the Baltic Sea in 1945.The Cunard Line's Mauretania and Aquitania were widely considered the finest liners of their generation and in the following decade many people had a similar affection for the Normandie.This article needs additional citations for verification.This page was last modified on 12 May 2008, at 11:11.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.In January 1962, for example, one could begin at New York with an 11 day Atlantic crossing on American Export Line's Constitution (above) to Tenerife, Gibraltar and Naples.Here we survey the 1962 schedules and services of the Interchange Lines as they weaved together these romantic routes on splendid ships over exotic seas.Sources for text and images on this website include shipping line literature, such as brochures, post cards, sailing schedules and magazine ads.All evocative of opulence, splendour
and unequivocal luxury, these great ocean liners represented the supreme
pinnacle of maritime achievement.The ocean liners presented here are some of the greatest
to ever sail.The Royal Regals name and HTML layout of this site are copyrighted material.
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