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Owl biography, Owl discography
For other uses, see Owl (disambiguation).Owls are an order of birds of prey.Owls mostly hunt small mammals, insects, and other birds, though a few species specialize in hunting fish.Though owls are typically solitary, the literary collective noun for a group of owls is a parliament.Although owls have binocular vision, their large eyes are fixed in their sockets, as with other birds, and they must turn their entire head to change views.The smallest owl is the Elf Owl (Micrathene whitneyi), at as little as 31 g (1.Some of the pygmy owls are scarcely larger.Their far vision, particularly in low light, is exceptionally good, and they can turn their head 135 degrees in either direction; they can thus look behind their own shoulders.Different species of owls make different sounds; the wide range of calls aids owl species in finding mates or announcing their presence to potential competitors, and ornithologists and birders in locating these birds and recognizing species.The facial disc helps to funnel the sound of prey to their ears.In many species, these are placed asymmetrically, for better directional location (Norberg, 1977).Owl eggs are usually white and almost spherical, and range in number from a few to a dozen, depending on species.This accounts for the wide variation in the size of sibling nestlings.Owls do not construct nests but rather look for a sheltered nesting site, in trees, underground burrows, or in buildings, barns and caves.Behavior
Most owls are nocturnal, actively hunting for prey only under the cover of darkness.Several types of owl, however, are crepuscular, or active during the twilight hours of dawn and dusk; one example is the pygmy owl (Glaucidium).Much of the owl's hunting strategy depends on stealth and surprise.Owls have at least two adaptations that aid them in achieving stealth.First, the dull coloration of an owl's feathers can render them almost invisible under certain conditions.Secondly, serrated edges on the leading edge of the owl's remiges muffle the owl's wingbeats, allowing its flight to be practically silent.Elf owls also lack the feathers for silent flying.Once prey has been captured, the owl's sharp beak and powerful talons, or clawed feet allow it to tear the food to pieces before eating, even though most items are swallowed whole.Scientists studying the diets of owls are helped by their habit of regurgitating the indigestible parts of their prey (such as bones, scales and fur) in the form of pellets.These "owl pellets" are often sold by companies to schools to be dissected by students as a lesson in biology and ecology, because they are plentiful and easy to interpret.Evolution and systematics
The systematic placement of owls is disputed.DNA hybridization, owls are more closely related to the nightjars and their allies (Caprimulgiformes) than to the diurnal predators in the order Falconiformes; consequently, the Caprimulgiformes are placed in the Strigiformes and the owls in general become a family Strigidae.In any case, the relationships of the Caprimulgiformes, the owls, the falcons and the accipitrid raptors are not resolved to satisfaction; currently there is an increasing trend to consider each group (with the possible exception of the accipitrids) a distinct order.Some entirely extinct families have also been erected based on fossil remains; these differ much from modern owls in being less specialized or specialized in a very different way (such as the terrestrial Sophiornithidae).The owls as we know them today, on the other hand, evolved their characteristic morphology and adaptations during that time too.In the Americas, there was rather an expansion of immigrant lineages of ancestral typical owls.The supposed fossil herons "Ardea" perplexa (Middle Miocene of Sansan, France) and "Ardea" lignitum (Late Pliocene of Germany) were more probably owls; the latter was apparently close to the modern genus Bubo.The Messelasturidae, some of which were initially believed to be basal Strigiformes, are now generally accepted to be diurnal birds of prey showing some convergent evolution towards owls.Owl, Asio otus, in erect pose.Fearful Owl
Mascarenotus: Mascarene owls, three species; extinct (c."Strix" edwardsi: fossil (Middle Miocene)
"Asio" pygmaeus: fossil (Early Pliocene of Odessa, Ukraine)
Ibiza Owl, Strigidae gen."Asio" henrici
Prosybris (Early Oligocene?Early Miocene)
Placement unresolved
Tytonidae gen.Owls have been a feature of falconry for years.The Tawny Owl has been a common visitor to cities across the UK for about forty years, where it survives on a diet of pigeons and small birds.In many parts of the world, owls have been associated with death and misfortune, likely due to their nocturnal activity and common screeching call.However, owls have also been associated with wisdom and prosperity, frequently being companion animals for goddesses.Henry David Thoreau summarized one perception of owls, when he wrote in 1854's Walden, "I rejoice that there are owls.Let them do the idiotic and maniacal hooting for men.It is a sound admirably suited to swamps and twilight woods which no day illustrates, suggesting a vast and underdeveloped nature which men have not recognized.Ancient Egyptians used a representation of an owl for their hieroglyph for the sound m.They would often draw this hieroglyph with its legs broken to keep this bird of prey from coming to life.Among the Kikuyu of Kenya it was believed that owls were harbingers of death.If one saw an owl or heard its owls hoot, someone was going to die.In general, owls are viewed as harbingers of bad luck, ill health, or death.Larco Museum Collection Lima, Peru.In the culture of some Native Americans (e.Native American Hopi nation), taboos often surround owls and they are often associated with evil or sorcery.Like eagle feathers, the possession of owl feathers as religious objects is regulated by federal law (e.The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 and Title 50 Part 22 Code of Federal Regulations).The Aztecs and Mayans, along with other natives of Mesoamerica, considered the Owl a symbol of death and destruction.In fact, the Aztec god of death, Mictlantecuhtli, was often depicted with owls.Other Native American tribes saw the owl as the carrier of the elders' spirits.The Moche people of ancient Peru worshipped the animal and often depicted owls in their art.Asia
In Japanese culture, owls are seen as either negative or positive symbols depending on species.Sometimes owls are seen as divine messengers of the gods, while Barn or Horned owls are perceived as demonic figures.Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth, and therefore a harbinger of prosperity.The owl has been adapted as an emblem to reflect its implications of wisdom (Wise old owl) by a revered military institution in India known as the Defense Services Staff College.The demoness Lilith is thought to have been associated with (screech) owls as well, by way of the KJV translation of the passage in Isaiah 34:14.Prior to the rise of Islam, owls were considered bad omens and associated with evil spirits in most Middle Eastern pagan traditions.In modern times, although such superstitions are less prevalent, owls are still popularly considered "evil" because of their fierce, horrific appearance.In the Malay language, owls are called "burung hantu", literally 'ghost bird'.Europe
In Greek mythology, the owl, and specifically the Little Owl, was often associated with the goddess Athena, a bird goddess who became associated with wisdom, the arts, and skills, and as a result, owls also became associated with wisdom.The Romans, in addition to having borrowed the Greek associations of the owl (see Owl of Minerva), also considered owls to be funerary birds, due to their nocturnal activity and often having their nests in inaccessible places.As a result, seeing an owl in the daytime was considered a bad omen.The vampiric strix of Roman mythology was in part based on the owl.Likewise, in Romanian culture, the mournful call of an owl is thought to predict the death of somebody living in the neighbourhood.Such superstitions caused a minor disturbance when an owl showed up at Romanian President's residence, Cotroceni Palace.In France, a difference is made between hiboux, eared owls, which are considered symbols of wisdom, and chouettes, earless owls, which are considered birds of ill omen.Blodeuedd, a woman born of flowers to be the wife of Lleu Llaw Gyffes.Because she fell in love with another man and plotted to kill Lleu, Lleu's guardian Gwydion turned her into the first owl, saying "You are never to show your face to the light of day, rather you shall fear other birds; they will be hostile to you, and it will be their nature to maul and molest you wherever they find you.You will not lose your name but always be called Blodeuwedd."The addition of the w in her name changed her from a woman of flowers to an owl.In Finland the owl is paradoxically viewed as both a symbol of wisdom, and as a symbol of imbecility, presumably because of its "dumb stare".DNA hybridization generally unlike other living birds.Owls culprits in cat deaths.Thames and Hudson, New York.Heinrich, Bernd (1990): Owl in the House: A Naturalist's Diary.Heinrich, Bernd (1987): One Man's Owl
Johnsgard, Paul A.North American Owls: Biology and Natural History, 2nd ed..Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC.Occurrence and independent evolution of bilateral ear asymmetry in owls and implications on owl taxonomy.World Owl Trust
Owl Physiology, 'The Owl Pages' website.Northern Irelands only Owl, Bird of Prey and Exotic Animal Centre.This page was last modified on 8 May 2008, at 20:18.The Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a family of knowledge representation languages for authoring ontologies, and is endorsed by the World Wide Web Consortium.OWL Full uses a novel semantic model intended to provide compatibility with RDF Schema.OWL is considered one of the fundamental technologies underpinning the Semantic Web, and has attracted both academic and commercial interest.History
There is a long history of ontological development in philosophy and computer science.Since the 1990s, a number of research efforts have explored how the idea of knowledge representation (KR) from AI could be made useful on the World Wide Web.KR languages and knowledge acquisition approaches.The first working drafts of the abstract syntax, reference and synopsis were published in July 2002.The OWL documents became a formal W3C recommendation on February 10, 2004 and the working group was disbanded on May 31, 2004.OWL Ontologies
The data described by an OWL ontology is interpreted as a set of "individuals" and a set of "property assertions" which relate these individuals to each other.An OWL ontology consists of a set of axioms which place constraints on sets of individuals (called "classes") and the types of relationships permitted between them.These axioms provide semantics by allowing systems to infer additional information based on the data explicitly provided.For example, an ontology describing families might include axioms stating that a "hasMother" property is only present between two individuals when "hasParent" is also present, and individuals of class "HasTypeOBlood" are never related via "hasParent" to members of the "HasTypeABBlood" class.If it is stated that the individual Harriet is related via "hasMother" to the individual Sue, and that Harriet is a member of the "HasTypeOBlood" class, then it can be inferred that Sue is not a member of "HasTypeABBlood".OWL language(s) is provided in the W3C's OWL Guide.The semantics for OWL is given through translation to a particular DL.Therefore OWL is both a syntax for describing and exchanging ontologies, and has a formally defined semantics that gives the meaning.In addition, sound, complete, and terminating reasoners (i.DLs including those underlying OWL.OWL specification includes the definition of three variants of OWL, with different levels of expressiveness.OWL Lite was originally intended to support those users primarily needing a classification hierarchy and simple constraints.It was hoped that it would be simpler to provide tool support for OWL Lite than its more expressive relatives, allowing quick migration path for systems utilizing thesauri and other taxonomies.In practice, however, most of the expressiveness constraints placed on OWL Lite amount to little more than syntactic inconveniences: most of the constructs available in OWL DL can be built using complex combinations of OWL Lite features.Development of OWL Lite tools has thus proven almost as difficult as development of tools for OWL DL, and OWL Lite is not widely used.OWL DL was designed to provide the maximum expressiveness possible while retaining computational completeness (all conclusions are guaranteed to be computed), decidability (all computations will finish in finite time), and the availability of practical reasoning algorithms.OWL DL includes all OWL language constructs, but they can be used only under certain restrictions (for example, number restrictions may not be placed upon properties which are declared to be transitive).OWL Full is based on a different semantics from OWL Lite or OWL DL, and was designed to preserve some compatibility with RDF Schema.For example, in OWL Full a class can be treated simultaneously as a collection of individuals and as an individual in its own right; this is not permitted in OWL DL.It is unlikely that any reasoning software will be able to support complete reasoning for OWL Full.Each of these sublanguages is a syntactic extension of its simpler predecessor.Every legal OWL Lite ontology is a legal OWL DL ontology.Every legal OWL DL ontology is a legal OWL Full ontology.Every valid OWL Lite conclusion is a valid OWL DL conclusion.Every valid OWL DL conclusion is a valid OWL Full conclusion.Open World Assumption
OWL uses Open World Assumption, in contrast to SQL and Prolog, which adopts Closed World Assumption.Under this Open World Assumption, if a statement can not be proved to be true using current knowledge, we can not draw the conclusion that the statement is false.The acronym
The natural acronym for Web Ontology Language would be WOL instead of OWL.Although the character Owl from Winnie the Pooh wrote his name WOL, the acronym OWL was proposed without reference to that character, as an easily pronounced acronym that would yield good logos, suggest wisdom, and honor William A.Martin's One World Language KR project from the 1970s.Feature Synopsis for OWL Lite and OWL: W3C Working Draft 29 July 2002.Ontology (WebOnt) Working Group (Closed).OWL Web Ontology Language Overview at W3C
OWL Web Ontology Language Guide at W3C
OWL Web Ontology Language Reference at W3C
OWL Working Group at W3C working on OWL 2
Visual OWL Visual Modeling Forum page dedicated to graphic notations for OWL.ODE) web site includes OWL tutorial materials and software.Swoogle semantic web search engine.To learn more about owl visit Britannica.Any of a breed of domestic pigeons resembling owls.Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.Share This
owl see night owl.Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.Share This
Owl The original name of Trellis.Share This
White Owl, SD Zip code(s): 57792
Hoot Owl, OK (town, FIPS 36020) Location: 36.Population (1990): 5 (36 housing units) Area: 0.They have large eyes and ears, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye.Note: Some species have erectile tufts of feathers on the head.The feathers are soft and somewhat downy.See Barn owl, Burrowing owl, Eared owl, Hawk owl, Horned owl, Screech owl, Snowy owl, under Barn, Burrowing, etc.Owl train, a cant name for certain railway trains whose run is in the nighttime.Note: This was formerly illegal, and was done chiefly by night.Law) The offense of transporting wool or sheep out of England contrary to the statute formerly existing.In the list of unclean birds (Lev.In all these passages the Revised Version translates "ostrich" (q.The Arabs call this bird "the mother of ruins."It is by far the most common of all the owls of Palestine.It is the Athene persica, the bird of Minerva, the symbol of ancient Athens.Vulgate, "hedgehog," reading in the text, kippod, instead of kippoz.There is no reason to doubt the correctness of the rendering of the Authorized Version.It is a migrant, returning to Palestine in spring."Some species of the owl is obviously intended by this word.It may be the hooting or tawny owl (Syrnium aluco), which is common in Egypt and in many parts of Palestine.Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.Shop for books, music and more
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as Live Chat and phone support.OWL this year, based on feedback from OWL users.Learn more in this brief demo about what makes OWL the most effective homework system for chemistry.Cole chemistry texts, lab manuals, and supplements.Here, The Owl Pages sheds some light on these mysterious creatures...Ways you can help OwlPages.Credits
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Pages last updated at OwlPages.Internet live broadcast from Florida Atlantic University.Jan, 9pm: OWL is currently undergoing maintenance and new logins are not being accepted at the moment.Please come back a little later.Neighbourhood Watch, School Watch, Business Watch and many other watch schemes.OWL provides the latest messages and crime alerts along with management tools for starting and maintaining watches.Please log in if you have been sent a password.Hertfordshire, or if you want to start up a new watch, use the Watch Finder tool.Once you have logged in to OWL all personal and Neighbourhood Watch data sent to or from your computer will be securely encrypted over the Internet.Please keep your OWL password a secret and never disclose it to anyone, even if someone claims to be an official from the police or OWL.
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