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Packet Man biography, Packet Man discography
The Isle of Man Steam Packet Company (Manx: Sheshaght Phaggad Bree Ellan Vannin) is the oldest continuously operating passenger shipping company in the world, celebrating its 175th anniversary in 2005.Current routes
2 History
2.Ownership
4 IOMSPC fleet
4.As a result the Island could be cut off for weeks.Douglas to Liverpool on its very first sailing.War service
Vessels and crews of the company were actively involved in both the World War I and World War II, acquitting themselves with honour in both instances.During World War I, eleven out of a total fleet of 15 Steam Packet ships were requisitioned by the Admiralty, four of which were lost, three retained by the Government and four returned to service.In World War II, ten of the fleet of sixteen ships were commandeered for active duty, four of which were lost.Dover and the first to complete the round trip during the evacuation.Eight company ships took part in this historic mission, rescuing a grand total of 24,699 British troops, 1 in 14 of those evacuated from Dunkirk, from surrender or death.Vehicle transport
The Steam Packet Company introduced a number of car ferries beginning with the Manx Maid in 1962.It now also operates a fast ferry service with the HSC Viking and the HSC Snaefell.Today
The company still provides regular services.Both high speed craft and a conventional vessel make up the current fleet.In addition to the regular routes, the Company operates a small number of special day excursions to other destinations or round the Isle of Man during the summer months.Extra sailings are scheduled during times of high demand such as the TT period.In June of 2007, a new CEO was appointed and since then has promised to improve the company's services and to return to the classic livery and promote the Island's culture.Ownership
In 1996, The Steam Packet Company became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sea Containers Ltd headed by James Sherwood, who had pioneered the fast craft operation.IOMSPC fleet
The company originally started utilising wooden paddle steamers, which soon gave way to the steel "screw" vessels.Fastcraft then became the next generation of vessels to operate for the company, the first being the HSC SeaCat Isle of Man.War Steamers"
The company built five steamers over ten years from 1927.GT
Sunk (bombed) at Dunkirk, 1940.GT
Sunk (torpedoed) off Bougie, 1942.GT
Decommissioned and scrapped 1974.GT
Decommissioned 1982, awaiting restoration 2008.These could operate (as car ferries) from ports which were not equipped with linkspans.GT
First Steam Packet car ferry.GT
Decommissioned 1990, sold as Mary the Queen.None of the 294 passengers and crew were hurt, and the ferry was moored at Liverpool Pier Head while water was being pumped from the engine room, a number of cars remained on board.In December 2007, the vessel was renamed to become the sixth Snaefell.Film work
Steam Packet ships have been used in a number of movies.In the Barbra Streisand film, Yentl the ship carrying emigrants to the United States at the end of the film is the Manxman.All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.Interested in becoming a member?If you require any further information which is not available on this website, please contact our reservations centre on + 44 (0) 871 222 1 333.Irregular crossings
Sea crossings between the Isle of Man and England could be terrible and ships could be driven back to Cumberland after days at sea and there were times during the winter months when the Isle of Man was cut off for weeks.United Kingdom could not be enforced on the Isle of Man).The first Engine ships
In 1815, sail was giving way to the first Engine.The first steamer called at the Isle of Man on its voyage from the Clyde to Liverpool and in 1819 James Little opened up the first steam ship service to the Isle of Man using it as a port of call between Liverpool and Greenock.More competition on the Irish Sea
Competition arrived with the St.George and calling at Douglas.Liverpool route for 2 months and then offered to syndicate shares in this enterprise.He failed to get the support he had expected, no doubt he was disappointed, his family came from the Vicar of Santon and the family had produced a number of Manx lawyers and clerics.The King Orry for example, which was attached to the British Grand Fleet, had the distinction of leading the German Fleet into Scapa Flow at the end of the First World War.The Great War
During the Great War, 11 out if a total of 15 Steam Packet Company vessels were requisitioned by the Admiralty, 4 of which were lost, 3 retained by the Government and 4 returned to service some 4 years later.The 2nd World War
The 2nd World War saw the Steam Packet ships employed on war service once again.Happier times
Fortunately there have been happier times since, with the company owning some 71 vessels in total from its inception to the present day.We saw a busy summer seasons during which Douglas became a fashionable resort for tourists from England aided further by the introduction of car ferries, starting with the Manx Maid in 1962.New fast craft ferries
We offer the latest fast craft ferry services having utilized SeaCat and SuperSeaCat vessels since their introduction to the Island some 12 years ago (the first SeaCat Isle of Man crossing from Fleetwood on June 28th, 1994 taking just 94 minutes).SuperSeaCat 2 now operates services to Liverpool, Dublin and Belfast with crossing times of 2 hours 30 minutes to Liverpool and just slightly longer to Ireland.In general it pays to book early to get the best choice of special fares and choosing alternative sailings or midweek travel can give substantial savings.The future
So, the Steam Packet is now in its 176th year of service.Just as they did in the nineteenth century, these men and women sustain the lives and businesses of the Manx people.Isle of Man Steam Packet Company.Chree in the very near future.In all cases, only packets that
match
expression
will be processed by
tcpdump.SIGINT or
SIGTERM signal or the specified number of packets have been processed.Reading packets from a network interface may require that you have
special privileges:
Under SunOS 3.Solaris, you must
be root, or
tcpdump
must be installed setuid to root, in order to capture in promiscuous
mode.You must be root or
tcpdump
must be installed setuid to root.You must be root or
tcpdump
must be installed setuid to root.Any user may capture network traffic with
tcpdump.Print each packet (minus its link level header) in ASCII.Handy for
capturing web pages.Exit after receiving count packets.Before writing a raw packet to a savefile, check whether the file is
currently larger than file_size and, if so, close the current
savefile and open a new one.Print the list of the network interfaces available on the system and on
which
tcpdump
can capture packets.This can be useful on systems that don't have a command to list them
(e.Windows 2000 and later systems, where the
interface name is a somewhat complex string.This combination may be repeated with comma or newline seperation.Note that setting the secret for IPv4 ESP packets is supported at this time.By presenting IPsec secret key onto command line
you make it visible to others, via
ps(1)
and other occasions.The file is opened upon
receiving the first ESP packet, so any special permissions that tcpdump
may have been given should already have been given up.IPv4 addresses is done using the IPv4 address and
netmask of the interface on which capture is being done.If no time format is specified, each new file will overwrite the previous.If unspecified, tcpdump searches the system interface list for the
lowest numbered, configured up interface (excluding loopback).Useful if you want to see the data
while capturing it.List the known data link types for the interface and exit.This option
can be used several times to load several MIB modules into tcpdump.Don't print domain name qualification of host names.Don't put the interface
into promiscuous mode.IP, ICMP, TCP
and UDP but may truncate protocol information from name server and NFS
packets (see below).This may cause packets to be
lost.You should limit snaplen to the smallest number that will
capture the protocol information you're interested in.Setting
snaplen to 0 means use the required length to catch whole packets.Time Applications control protocol),
snmp (Simple Network Management Protocol),
tftp (Trivial File Transfer Protocol),
vat (Visual Audio Tool),
and
wb (distributed White Board).Don't print a timestamp on each dump line.When parsing and printing, produce (slightly more) verbose output.For example, the time to live,
identification, total length and options in an IP packet are printed.Also enables additional packet integrity checks such as verifying the
IP and ICMP header checksum.SE options
are printed in full.In addition, it will name
the files with enough leading 0s to support the maximum number of
files, allowing them to sort correctly.Ethernet), the padding bytes
will also be printed when the higher layer packet is shorter than the
required padding.When parsing and printing,
in addition to printing the headers of each packet, print the data of
each packet,
including
its link level header, in hex.When parsing and printing,
in addition to printing the headers of each packet, print the data of
each packet (minus its link level header) in hex and ASCII.When parsing and printing,
in addition to printing the headers of each packet, print the data of
each packet,
including
its link level header, in hex and ASCII.Set the data link type to use while capturing packets to datalinktype.Drops privileges (if root) and changes user ID to
user
and the group ID to the primary group of
user.The expression consists of one or more
primitives.Primitives usually consist of an
id
(name or number) preceded by one or more qualifiers.If
there is no dir qualifier,
src or dst
is assumed.Possible
protos are:
ether,
fddi,
tr,
wlan,
ip,
ip6,
arp,
rarp,
decnet,
tcp
and
udp.If there is
no proto qualifier, all protocols consistent with the type are
assumed.FDDI fields just as with the
analogous Ethernet fields.FDDI headers also contain other fields,
but you cannot name them explicitly in a filter expression.If host is a name with multiple IP addresses, each address will
be checked for a match.True if the Ethernet source address is ehost.Ethernet
source or destination address was host but neither the IP source
nor the IP destination was host.Note that this syntax is not valid for IPv6 net.If a name is used, both the port
number and protocol are checked.True if either the source or destination port of the packet is port.True if the packet is an IPv4 packet (see
ip(4P))
of protocol type protocol.Protocol can be a number or one of the names
icmp, icmp6, igmp, igrp, pim, ah,
esp, vrrp, udp, or tcp.Note that this primitive does not chase the protocol header chain.True if the packet is an IPv6 packet of protocol type protocol.True if the packet is IPv6 packet,
and contains protocol header with type protocol
in its protocol header chain.IPv6 header and TCP header.True if the packet is an Ethernet broadcast packet.The ether
keyword is optional.True if the packet is an Ethernet multicast packet.True if the packet is an IPv6 multicast packet.In the case of Ethernet, tcpdump checks the Ethernet type field
for most of those protocols.LLC header as
it does for FDDI, Token Ring, and 802.FDDI, Token Ring, and 802.AppleTalk ARP etype in either an Ethernet
frame or an 802.IPX etype in an Ethernet frame, the IPX
DSAP in the LLC header, the 802.IPX, and the IPX etype in a SNAP frame.True if the DECNET destination address is
host.True if either the DECNET source or destination address is
host.True if the packet was logged as coming from the specified interface (applies
only to packets logged by OpenBSD's
pf(4)).Synonymous with the
ifname
modifier.Synonomous with the
rnr
modifier.True if the packet was logged with the specified PF reason code.True if the packet was logged as matching the specified PF ruleset
name of an anchored ruleset (applies only to packets logged by
pf(4)).Synonomous with the
rset
modifier.Known actions
are:
pass
and
block
(applies only to packets logged by OpenBSD's
pf(4)).Valid wlan_types are:
mgt,
ctl
and data.True if the packet is an IEEE 802.True if the packet is an MPLS packet.Ethernet Session packet (Ethernet
type 0x8864).Note that the first pppoes keyword encountered in expression
changes the decoding offsets for the remainder of expression on
the assumption that the packet is a PPPoE session packet.True if the packet is an ATM packet, for SunATM on Solaris, with a
virtual path identifier of
n.True if the packet is an ATM packet, for SunATM on Solaris, with a
virtual channel identifier of
n.True if the packet is an ATM packet, for SunATM on Solaris, and is
on a signaling circuit and is a Q.Setup, Call Proceeding, Connect,
Connect Ack, Release, or Release Done message.True if the packet is an ATM packet, for SunATM on Solaris, and is
on a meta signaling circuit and is a Q.The byte offset, relative to the indicated protocol layer, is
given by expr.Size is optional and indicates the number of bytes in the
field of interest; it can be either one, two, or four, and defaults to one.IPv4 datagrams and frag zero of fragmented
IPv4 datagrams.This check is implicitly applied to the tcp and udp
index operations.Some offsets and field values may be expressed as names rather than
as numeric values.Shell and must be escaped).Generally, if the expression contains Shell metacharacters, it is
easier to pass it as a single, quoted argument.Multiple arguments are concatenated with spaces before being parsed.To print all IPv4 HTTP packets to and from port 80, i.IPv6 is left as an exercise for the reader.As on FDDI networks,
packets are assumed to contain an LLC packet.The packet type is printed first.The three types are ip, utcp, and ctcp.For TCP packets, the connection identifier is printed following the type.The first line says that rtsg sent an arp packet asking
for the Ethernet address of internet host csam.For the first packet this says the Ethernet source address is RTSG, the
destination is the Ethernet broadcast address, the type field
contained hex 0806 (type ETHER_ARP) and the total length was 64 bytes.Options are tcp options enclosed in angle brackets (e.The S indicates that the SYN flag was set.The packet sequence number was 768512 and it contained no data.Rtsg then acks csam's SYN.The PUSH flag is set in the packet.Most of this data is apparently sitting in the
socket buffer since csam's receive window has gotten 19 bytes smaller.Csam also sends one byte of data to rtsg in this packet.Let's assume that we want to watch packets used in establishing
a TCP connection.Now we're interested in capturing packets that have only the
SYN bit set (Step 1).ACK), just a plain initial SYN.These are the TCP control bits we are interested
in.We have numbered the bits in this octet from 0 to 7, right to
left, so the PSH bit is bit number 3, while the URG bit is number 5.Recall that we want to capture packets with only SYN set.ACK set, but not those with only SYN set.This says that port who on host actinide sent a udp
datagram to port who on host broadcast, the Internet
broadcast address.The packet contained 84 bytes of user data.The query length was 37 bytes, not including the UDP and
IP protocol headers.The query operation was the normal one, Query,
so the op field was omitted.Similarly, the qclass was the normal one,
C_IN, and omitted.The first answer record is type A (address) and its data is internet
address 128.The total size of the response was 273 bytes,
excluding UDP and IP headers.The op (Query) and response code
(NoError) were omitted, as was the class (C_IN) of the A record.NXDomain) with no answers,
one name server and no authority records.Since there were no
answers, no type, class or data were printed.Note that name server requests and responses tend to be large and the
default snaplen of 68 bytes may not capture enough of the packet
to print.Note that the data printed
depends on the operation type.The format is intended to be self
explanatory if read in conjunction with
an NFS protocol spec.NFS or even UDP headers and so might not be
printed, depending on the filter expression used).REG'', for regular file),
the file mode (in octal), the uid and gid, and the file size.Note that NFS requests are very large and much of the detail won't be printed
unless snaplen is increased.This was
a RX data packet to the fs (fileserver) service, and is the start of
an RPC call.The MTU negotiation information is also printed from RX ack packets.Error codes are printed for abort packets, with the exception of Ubik
beacon packets (because abort packets are used to signify a yes vote
for the Ubik protocol).Note that AFS requests are very large and many of the arguments won't
be printed unless snaplen is increased.AFS reply packets do not explicitly identify the RPC operation.If a reply does not closely
follow the
corresponding request, it might not be parsable.UDP header information is
discarded).AppleTalk net and node numbers to names.The first two lines give the names of AppleTalk networks.In the first example, NBP (DDP port 2) on net 144.The second line shows a reply for this request (note that it has the
same id) from host jssmag.Helios
resends them then jssmag.Fragments
after the first contain no higher level protocol header and the
frag info is printed after the source and destination addresses.There are a couple of things to note here: First, addresses in the
2nd line don't include port numbers.Second, the tcp sequence information in the first line is printed as if there
were 308 bytes of user data when, in fact, there are 512 bytes (308 in
the first frag and 204 in the second).IP don't fragment flag is marked with a
trailing (DF).By default, all output lines are preceded by a timestamp.The timestamp reflects the time the kernel first saw the packet.Van Jacobson,
Craig Leres and
Steven McCanne, all of the
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA.It is currently being maintained by tcpdump.BUGS
Please send problems, bugs, questions, desirable enhancements, etc.We recommend that you use the latter.Some attempt should be made to reassemble IP fragments or, at least
to compute the right length for the higher level protocol.This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.Tcpdump prints out the headers of packets on a network interface
that match the boolean expression.Under Solaris with dlpi:
You must have read access to the network pseudo device, e.UX with dlpi:
You must be root or it must be installed setuid to root.Exit after receiving count packets.Use file as input for the filter expression.An additional expression given on the command line is ignored.Ties are broken by choosing the earliest match.Useful if you want to see the data
while capturing it.This is useful only
if you suspect a bug in the optimizer.Don't put the interface
into promiscuous mode.Note that taking larger snapshots both increases
the amount of time it takes to process packets and, effectively,
decreases the amount of packet buffering.This may cause packets to be
lost.Print absolute, rather than relative, TCP sequence numbers.For example, the time to live
and type of service information in an IP packet is printed.Write the raw packets to file rather than parsing and printing
them out.The smaller of the entire packet or
snaplen
bytes will be printed.The expression consists of one or more
primitives.There are three
different kinds of qualifier:
type
qualifiers say what kind of thing the id name or number refers to.Possible types are
host,
net
and
port.If there is no type
qualifier,
host
is assumed.Possible directions are
src,
dst,
src or dst
and
src and
dst.Possible
protos are:
ether,
fddi,
ip,
arp,
rarp,
decnet,
lat,
sca,
moprc,
mopdl,
tcp
and
udp.If there is
no proto qualifier, all protocols consistent with the type are
assumed.FDDI fields just as with the
analogous Ethernet fields.FDDI headers also contain other fields,
but you cannot name them explicitly in a filter expression.All of these are described below.More complex filter expressions are built up by using the words
and,
or
and
not
to combine primitives.To save typing, identical qualifier lists can be omitted.True if the IP source field of the packet is host.If host is a name with multiple IP addresses, each address will
be checked for a match.True if the ethernet destination address is ehost.True if either the ethernet source or destination address is ehost.True if either the IP source or destination address of the packet has a network
number of net.True if the IP address matches net with the specific netmask.May be qualified with src or dst.May be qualified with src or dst.If a name is used, both the port
number and protocol are checked.If a number or ambiguous name is used,
only the port number is checked (e.True if either the source or destination port of the packet is port.True if the packet has a length greater than or equal to length.Protocol can be a number or one of the names
icmp, igrp, udp, nd, or tcp.True if the packet is an ethernet broadcast packet.The ether
keyword is optional.True if the packet is an ethernet multicast packet.True if the packet is of ether type protocol.Logical Link Control
(LLC) header, which is usually layered on top of the FDDI header.DECNET host name support is only available on Ultrix systems
that are configured to run DECNET.True if either the DECNET source or destination address is
host.Size is optional and indicates the number of bytes in the
field of interest; it can be either one, two, or four, and defaults to one.The length operator, indicated by the keyword len, gives the
length of the packet.Alternation and concatenation have equal precedence and associate
left to right.Note that explicit and tokens, not juxtaposition,
are now required for concatenation.Expression arguments can be passed to tcpdump as either a single argument
or as multiple arguments, whichever is more convenient.Generally, if the expression contains Shell metacharacters, it is
easier to pass it as a single, quoted argument.Multiple arguments are concatenated with spaces before being parsed.The output of tcpdump is protocol dependent.No further link information is printed for ip packets.For TCP packets, the connection identifier is printed following the type.The special cases are printed out as
*S+n and *SA+n, where n is the amount by which
the sequence number (or sequence number and ack) has changed.If it is not a special case,
zero or more changes are printed.Finally, the amount of data in the packet and compressed header length
are printed.Csam
replies with its ethernet address (in this example, ethernet addresses
are in caps and internet addresses in lower case).For the first packet this says the ethernet source address is RTSG, the
destination is the ethernet broadcast address, the type field
contained hex 0806 (type ETHER_ARP) and the total length was 64 bytes.Src and dst are the source and destination IP
addresses and ports.Ack is sequence number of the next data expected the other
direction on this connection.The other fields
depend on the contents of the packet's tcp protocol header and
are output only if appropriate.Here is the opening portion of an rlogin from host rtsg to
host csam.The packet sequence number was 768512 and it contained no data.Note that the ack sequence
number is a small integer (1).On the 8th and 9th lines,
csam sends two bytes of urgent, pushed data to rtsg.The packet contained 84 bytes of user data.A) associated with the name ucbvax.The query length was 37 bytes, not including the UDP and
IP protocol headers.In the first example, helios responds to query id 3 from h2opolo
with 3 answer records, 3 name server records and 7 authority records.The total size of the response was 273 bytes,
excluding UDP and IP headers.Since there were no
answers, no type, class or data were printed.Note that name server requests and responses tend to be large and the
default snaplen of 68 bytes may not capture enough of the packet
to print.In the first line, host sushi sends a transaction with id 6709
to wrl (note that the number following the src host is a
transaction id, not the source port).Note that the data printed
depends on the operation type.NFS or even UDP headers and so might not be
printed, depending on the filter expression used).REG'', for regular file),
the file mode (in octal), the uid and gid, and the file size.If a reply does not closely follow the
corresponding request, it might not be parsable.UDP header information is
discarded).The first two lines give the names of appletalk networks.The number and name should be separated by
whitespace (blanks or tabs).Other protocols just dump
the protocol name (or number if no name is registered for the
protocol) and packet size.The first line is a name lookup request for laserwriters sent by net icsd host
112 and broadcast on net jssmag.Helios
resends them then jssmag.The first form indicates there are more fragments.The second
indicates this is the last fragment.Size is the fragment
size (in bytes) excluding the IP header.The fragment information is output for each fragment.The first
fragment contains the higher level protocol header and the frag
info is printed after the protocol info.Fragments
after the first contain no higher level protocol header and the
frag info is printed after the source and destination addresses.For example, here is part of an ftp from arizona.This is because the TCP
protocol information is all in the first fragment and we have no idea
what the port or sequence numbers are when we print the later fragments.Second, the tcp sequence information in the first line is printed as if there
were 308 bytes of user data when, in fact, there are 512 bytes (308 in
the first frag and 204 in the second).IP don't fragment flag is marked with a
trailing (DF).By default, all output lines are preceded by a timestamp.Some attempt should be made to reassemble IP fragments or, at least
to compute the right length for the higher level protocol.Name server inverse queries are not dumped correctly: The (empty)
question section is printed rather than real query in the answer
section.Some believe that inverse queries are themselves a bug and
prefer to fix the program generating them rather than tcpdump.Apple Ethertalk DDP packets could be dumped as easily as KIP DDP
packets but aren't.Therefore, the filter may inadvertently accept certain packets that
do not properly match the filter expression.This document was created by
man2html,
using the manual pages.
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