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Resonator biography, Resonator discography
Resonator guitars were originally designed to be louder than conventional acoustic guitars which were overwhelmed by horns and percussion instruments in dance orchestras.Resonator guitars are of two styles:
Square necked guitars designed to be played in steel guitar style.The spiderless single cone "biscuit" design of other National instruments.Many variations of all of these styles and designs have been produced under many brands.The body of a resonator guitar may be made of wood, metal, or occasionally other materials.Varieties of resonator guitar
2.Other resonator instruments
4 Manufacturers
4.National tricone
The resonator guitar was developed by John Dopyera, seeking to produce a guitar that would have sufficient volume to be heard alongside brass and reed instruments, in response to a request from steel guitar player George Beauchamp.Dopyera experimented with configurations of up to four resonator cones, and cones composed of several different metals.In 1927, Dopyera and Beauchamp formed the National String Instrument Corporation to manufacture resonator guitars under the brand name National.Probably because of all the labels that were printed ahead of time for the headstocks!In 1928, Dopyera left National to form the Dobro Manufacturing Company with his brothers Rudy, Emile, Robert and Louis, Dobro being a contraction of Dopyera Brothers' and also meaning "good" in their native Slovak language.This system was cheaper to produce, and produced more volume than National's tricone.National biscuit
National countered the Dobro with their own single resonator model, which had previously been designed by Dopyera before he left the company, while also continuing to produce the tricone design which many players preferred for its tone.Both the National single and tricone resonators remained conical with their convex surfaces uppermost; the single resonator models used a wooden biscuit at the cone apex to support the bridge.Both companies at this stage were sourcing many components, and notably the aluminium resonators themselves, from Adolph Rickenbacher.However all production of resonator guitars by this company ceased following the US entry into the Second World War in 1941.Emile Dopyera (also known as Ed Dopera) manufactured Dobros from 1959, before selling the company and name to Semie Moseley, who merged it with his Mosrite guitar company and manufactured Dobros for a time.In 1967, Rudy and Emile Dopyera formed the Original Musical Instrument Company (OMI) to manufacture resonator guitars, first branded Hound Dog.In 1970 they again acquired the Dobro name, Mosrite having gone into temporary liquidation.OMI was acquired by the Gibson Guitar Corporation in 1993, who announced they would defend their right to exclusive use of the Dobro name, which had come to be commonly used for any resonator guitar.All have a single resonator, and many are available in either round or square neck.Players and collectors also used the term for the older tricone instruments, which despite their softer volume and rarity were still preferred by some players.In 1942, the National Dobro Corporation, which no longer produced Dobros or any other resonator instruments, was reorganized and renamed Valco.By the early 1960s, Valco was again producing resonator guitars for mail order under the National brand name.These instruments had biscuit resonators and bodies of wood and fiberglass.As of 2006, they produce 6 string resonator guitars of all three traditional resonator types, focusing on reproducing the feel and sound of old instruments.Playing
Resonator guitars are popularly used in bluegrass music and in blues.However, some contemporary players disregard these stereotypes and use resonator guitars in a wide variety of musical contexts.Styles and positions
The resonator guitar is most often played as a lap steel guitar, and the more common square necked version is limited to this playing position.The round necked version is equally capable in either lap steel or Spanish guitar position.Many different tunings are used.Some square neck tunings are not recommended for round neck resonator guitars, owing to the high string tension required, which in turn requires the stronger square neck.Modern players continue to play the instrument this way, with one notable exception being Tut Taylor who plays with a flat pick.Tuning for the resonator guitar within the bluegrass genre is most often an open G with the strings pitched to D G D G B D or G B D G B D, from the lowest to highest.Other notable bluegrass players include Jerry Douglas, Mike Auldridge, Rob Ickes, Phil Leadbetter, Sally Van Meter, Andy Hall, 'Cool Rockin' Sammy Soldani, Dave Giegerich and Russ Hooper.In country music
The resonator guitar was used in older country music, notably by Bashful Brother Oswald of Roy Acuff's band, but has been largely supplanted by the pedal steel guitar.In blues music
The resonator guitar is also significant to the world of blues music, particularly the Southern style of country blues that grew out of the Mississippi Delta and Louisiana.Unlike country and bluegrass players, most blues players play the resonator guitar in the standard guitar position, with the strings facing away from the player.Many use slides or bottlenecks.Many players in the 1920s and 1930s, including the great Bo Carter, and others like Bukka White, Son House, Tampa Red and Blind Boy Fuller, used the instruments because they were louder than standard acoustic guitars, which enabled them to play for a larger crowd in areas that did not yet have electricity for amplifiers.For the same reason street musicians like Arvella Gray used resonator guitars while busking, e.Varieties of resonator guitar
Single resonator guitars with a bowl resonator and spider (Dobro style) are often heard in bluegrass music, while tricone (National style) instruments are still preferred by many blues players.Many bluegrass players prefer wooden bodies, blues players either metal or wood.Metal bodies may be brass, aluminum or steel.Fiberglass has also been used as a body material, and a marble bodied resonator guitar is commercially available.Bluegrass players tend to use square necks, while blues players tend to prefer round necks.Single resonator instruments can have round sound holes with screens, or round sound holes without screens, which many players used to remove to improve the bass response.Other resonator instruments
As well as resonator guitars, resonators have been used on:
Basses, available from Regal as of 2006.Manufacturers
National Stringed Instrument Corporation.Ellis Guitars 6,7,8 string, baritone and harp resonator guitars
Amistar.Numerous other smaller manufacturers and individual luthiers.Regal manufactured for many brands under its licence, including Regal, Old Kraftsman, and Ward.The Regal name has been a brand of Saga Musical Instruments since 1987.External links
Brief history of the resonator by Phil Leadbetter on the Mel Bay website.Resonator Guitar Website for The Dobro Lap Style Guitar Player.Civil War to WWII, comprehensive list.Website for Resonance, a newsletter for resonator guitarists.This page is being redirected.East Prussia at the
same time about 1850 and undoubtedly knew each other.The book describes the form of resonator that he
developed for picking out particular frequencies from a complex sound.The enclosed volume of air acts as a spring connected to the mass of the
slug of air, and vibrates in an adiabatic fashion at a frequency dependent
on the density and volume of the air, its molecular composition, and the
mass of the slug of air in the neck.Koenig made both cylindrical and spherical
Helmholtz resonators.Koenig to make metal resonators of both shapes to specific measurements
for more careful work.University of Toronto
is shown at the right.The 1889 Koenig catalogue does not list a set of
five resonators, but these, on their original base, must be part of the
collection of acoustic apparatus that Toronto bought from Koenig after
the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia.This very large set of twenty two Helmholtz resonators is in
the Garland Collection of Classic Physics Apparatus at Vanderbilt University.Garland had previously
gone to visit Koenig in Paris to discuss his order.He often bought two sets of apparatus, one
for Notre Dame and one for St.Mary's College for Women just to the west.The nuns took good care of their apparatus, and this set of seven Helmholtz
resonators is one of the many survivors at St.The resonant frequency of a Helmholtz resonator depends on its
volume, and a cylindrical resonator permits the volume of the resonator
to be changed by sliding the tubes in and out.This is
one of a number of tunable Helmholtz resonators at the University of Vermont.Max Kohl
of Chemnitz in Germany.Ceramic filter and resonators
This page investigates ceramic filters and resonators.All contribution to this page are most welcome
Background
The ceramic componets are made of high stability piezoelectric ceramics that functions as a mechanicalresonator.Typical application includes TVs, VCRs, telphones, remote controls and radios.What is the main purpose to have a ceramic filter?Figure at right shows a test rig
for a 455kHz ceramic filter.This diagram show attenuation versus the frequency for 3 different type of ceramic filters.If we start to look at 455kHz, we can
see that the attenuation is 0dB (no attenuation).If the frequency is more or less than the 455kHz the attenuation increase.At 440kHz and 470kHz
the attenuation has reached 10dB (equal to 3.The red line is dropping faster
and at 440kHz and 470kHz the attenuation has reached 40dB (equal to 100 times).The red ceramic filter is much sharper than the blue one.Bandwith
The definition of the BandWith of a ceramic filter is the frequency gap where the signal has dropped less than 6dB.The red line is sharper and dropps much faster.The main signal is 455kHz
modulated with the audio signal.If you use a sharper filter you will loose the 20kHz bandwith of sound.The product comes out at pin 3.Hz and when the mixer mix the RF (100MHz) with the
osc (100.MHz) the product will be 455kHz and lots of other frequency products.What we want is only the 455kHz signal.Ceramic Resonators
The ceramic resonator is mostly used as oscillator in different application.The ceramic resonator is often used instead of crystal
because of it's lower price.The ceramic resonator use the mechanical resonance of piezoelectric ceramics.The figure at right shows the symbol for a ceramic resonator.It becomes capacitive in other frequency zones.This diagram shows the impedans and frequency behavior in a 455kHz Ceramic filter.Well that was a small glimt about Ceramic filter and Ceramic resonators.
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