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T Formation biography, T Formation discography
American football refers to the position players line up in before the start of a down.Offensive formations
The offense is required to set up a formation before a play, subject to several rules:
The formation must have 7 players on the line of scrimmage.The 7 players are not required to be next to each other, so they may spread out across the width of the field, but this is rare; most offenses place at least 5 players together in a continuous line.Ineligible receivers may advance freely on a running play or after a pass is thrown.Those players may line up as any other eligible receiver would, but the offense is still required to designate 5 players as ineligible.Offenses sometimes use this tactic in a short yardage situation to provide extra blocking, and some plays are even designed for the designated player to receive a pass.The offense is allowed to shift in certain situations and reorganize, but they must again set once they assume new positions.The offense may put a single player in motion after the set but before the snap.In Canadian football, all of the players in the backfield can be in motion, in any direction, at the time of the snap, as long as they have not crossed the line of scrimmage before the snap.The above diagram shows the "T" formation, a basic formation.The QB is the quarterback.He may keep the ball and run with it
He may hand or pitch the ball to a back (HB or FB), who may run or pass it
He may throw a forward pass to the ends (TE) or the backs
At the highest level of play in the NFL and NCAA most teams play additional players near (but still off) the line of scrimmage to act as extra pass receivers.Of the four players behind the line, one is always the quarterback (defined as the player who receives the ball from the center) and three other backs.Back" and a wide receiver that fills that role is sometimes known as a "flanker" or a "slot" receiver (depending on where he lines up).Most formations have a "strong" side (the side with the tight end, or the side with more players) and a "weak side" (the side opposite the tight end, or the side with fewer players).These may employ either tight ends or split ends (wide receivers) or one of each.This formation is normally used for a pass play, but can also be good for running, as defenders must move at least one player out of the middle of the field (the "box", between the tackles on the offensive line) to cover the additional wide receiver.In passing situations, this formation (and similar variations) is known as max protect as it requires the fullback and two tight ends to stay in the vicinity to block an oncoming pass rush and leaves only two wide receivers to catch a pass downfield.Notice the absence of a full back and the addition of the extra flanker.Since he is lined up in the space between the tackle and the split end, he is called the "slot" receiver.It utilizes 4 wide receivers and no tight ends.Shoot offense that was popular in the 1980s with teams such as the Detroit Lions and the Houston Oilers but has since fallen out of favor as a primary offensive formation.It is often used as a pass formation, because of the extra wide receivers.It also makes an effective run formation, because it "spreads the field" and forces the defense to respect the pass, thus taking players out of the box.Certain college programs, such as the University of Hawaii and Texas Tech still use it as their primary formation.Brigham Young University also uses the spread offense, although they tend to employ their tight ends more frequently than the University of Hawaii and Texas Tech.Some teams (like the Indianapolis Colts under Tony Dungy) use this formation with both tight ends on the line and use two flankers.Many other teams in the NFL, even those that don't use this as a primary formation, still run some plays using a variant of this formation.The difference is that the two backs are split behind the quarterback instead of being lined up behind him.This formation is most often associated with Bill Walsh's San Francisco 49ers teams of the 1980s and his West Coast Offense.Florida State University Seminoles offense, which favors a Split Backs formation.This archaic formation was popular for most of the first 50 years of modern American football, but it is rare today, except as a novelty.There are many variations of this formation with really the only common thread being that, rather than lining up "under center", the quarterback is lined up a few yards behind with RBs on either side of him (similar to a modern shotgun formation)."C" will snap the ball, even though he is not strictly in the center.This diagram uses the modern terms.It contained two tight ends, and 4 backs.The other 3 backs lined up on the same side of the QB in various arrangements.The offense is primarily a running offense using misdirection and power plays.The Double Wing is often incorrectly referred to as the Wing T, which is a different formation that uses a different formation of the backs.The modern descendant of the Single Wing.The quarterback lines up about five yards behind the center, in order to allow a better view of the defense and more time to get a pass off.Pistol
Main article: Pistol Offense
This offense was originated by Chris Ault of The University of Nevada Wolf Pack.It is essentially a shotgun variation, with the quarterback lined up closer than in standard shotgun, and a running back lined up behind, rather than next to, the QB.This has disrupted the timing of some defenses with the way the quarterback hands the ball off to the halfback.The Pistol can also feature the option play.With this offense, the quarterback has the ability to get a better look past the offensive line and at the defense.Pistol formations have gained some popularity in NCAA football.Like the single wing, this formation is no longer in popular use.It is essentially the precursor to most modern formations, in that it places the quarterback directly under center (in contrast to its main competitor of its day, the single wing, which had the quarterback receiving the ball on the fly).The T formation was made famous by the University of Minnesota in the 1930s and 1940's (winning five national titles).Formation would be where all the runningbacks would be closer than usual, being at fullback depth rather than halfback depth.It consists of three running backs: a fullback lined up directly behind the quarterback, and the two halfbacks split behind the fullback.It can be run with two tight ends, one tight end and one wide receiver, or two wide receivers.The option style of offense (where the Quarterback decides to run, handoff, or pitch the ball after the snap rather than before) is most closely associated with this formation.By 1990, few major programs were using the wishbone anymore.In this formation, one back (the fullback) lines up behind the quarterback.Both ends are often split wide as wide receivers, though some variations include one or two tight ends.The two remaining backs, called wingbacks or slotbacks, line up behind the line of scrimmage just outside the tackles.Often, one of the wingbacks will go in motion in the direction the play is being run in.In this case, one of the half backs starts in the back field.T" was created by longtime University of Delaware coach and NCAA Rules Committee chairman David Nelson, and perfected by his successor Tubby Raymond.In this variation, there is only one wing back, with the other back lined up next to the fullback on the opposite side from the wing back.In the empty backfield formation, all of the backs play near the line of scrimmage to act as extra wide receivers or tight ends.This is almost exclusively a passing formation used to spread the field, often to open up short inside routes or screen routes.It can also be run with one or two wing backs like the flexbone formation allowing a running game and the ability to run the option.This formation is becoming more popular in the NFL and college football, with recent successes at Texas Tech University and by the New England Patriots in their 3 Super Bowl winning seasons.This formation typically has no wide receivers, and often employs 3 tight ends and 2 running backs, or alternately 2 tight ends and 3 running backs.The Chicago Bears of the mid 1980's famously used defensive tackle William "The Refrigerator" Perry as a full back in this formation.Defensive formations
Rules regarding defensive formations are not as complex as their offensive counterparts.The defense may line up anywhere on its side of the neutral zone, and players are free to move at any time before the snap, but all defensive players must remain on their side of the neutral zone (defined as the width of the ball) before the snap.The three basic defensive positions are:
Defensive lineman (DL): Linemen play at the line of scrimmage, directly across from the offensive line.Tackles line up inside and rely on power to stop the run, while ends line up outside and are faster and more athletic to allow them to pursue the quarterback.Linebacker (LB): Linebackers are positioned 2 to 4 yards behind the defensive line.Strong linebackers line up on the same side as the tight end, weakside away from the tight end.This area is most commonly occupied by defensive linemen and linebackers.The secondary can refer to the defensive backs as a group, or to the area behind the linebackers usually occupied by defensive backs.These formations assume the offense is lined up strong side right (from the offenses point of view).These diagrams could be matched up to the diagrams above to make a complete 22 player football field.On passing downs, the Mike is often responsible to cover any running backs, the Sam covers the Tight End, and the Will either covers a back or "blitzes" in an attempt to "sack" the quarterback.This formation sacrifices some size (of linemen) for speed (of linebackers), but coaches choosing to utilize this formation as their base defense typically choose larger players in the front 7 to make up for the shortage of size.In this formation, the single tackle usually lines up directly over the "nose" of the ball, and is often called the "nose tackle".In this formation, the linemen often line up directly in front of the offensive line, while the linebackers "shoot the gaps".It allows defenses more flexibility in man to man coverages and zone blitzes.It was created by the defensive guru Buddy Ryan.Puts "eight men in the box" to stop the run, but it sacrifices deep coverage against the pass, especially if the opponent's receivers are better athletes than the cornerbacks.This formation was invented by Buddy Ryan, defensive coordinator of the Chicago Bears during the 1980s.Doug Plank, the player Buddy Ryan first used in this role at Chicago.The other feature of the 46 was the placement of both "outside" linebackers on the same side of the formation, with the defensive line shifted the opposite way.Used to stop the run without sacrificing a safety.This formation is common in high schools and college.The extra corner is often called a nickelback.Some variations use an extra strong safety instead of an extra corner.The sixth defensive back is known as the dimeback and this defense is also used in passing situations (particularly when the offense is using four wide receivers).It is occasionally referred to as the prevent defense because of its use in preventing desperation plays.The cornerbacks and safeties in a prevent defense usually make a point in a prevent defense of defending the goal line at the expense of receivers in the middle of the field, thus making the formation susceptible to running plays and short passes.Goal line defense
Defense used on the goal line or in short yardage situations where the entire defense lines up close to the line of scrimmage in an attempt to stop an expected running play.Other variants
Clearly, the permutations are endless, bound only the individual and collective abilities of a defensive unit.TDs and 1 INT, during a December 16, 2007 contest, but proved ineffective in stopping the Patriots' running attack.An offensive formation in which the fullback lines up directly behind the center and the quarterback with a halfback on either side or in which two running backs line up behind the quarterback in a line parallel to the line of scrimmage.Library
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More...In American football, a T formation is a formation used by the offensive team
in which three running backs line up in a row about five yards behind the quarterback, forming the shape of a "T".T, which uses one tight end and one wide receiver, or the
Wing T, where one of the running backs (or wingback) lines up one step behind and to the side of the tight end.The T formation was made famous by the
University of Minnesota in the 1930s and 1940s to win five national
titles and by the University of Oklahoma in the 1950s to win 47 games in a row
and three national titles.The formation is still used, particularly at the high school
level, and is still quite popular on all amateur levels as a goal line formation, often called a "full house" backfield
today.First, the T was the first offense where the
quarterback took the snap from under center and then either handed off or dropped back to pass.Earlier offenses used the QB
(usually called the "blocking back") primarily as a blocker and the snap usually went to a halfback or tailback.Teams initially used a flanker primarily in the "slot" (on the strong side) because the hashmarks were still quite
wide, as in college ball.The pro set further
evolved into today's complex offenses.Dallas Cowboys in the 1970s, and now widely used in pro
and college football.The "power I" places all three running backs in a line behind the quarterback, making it a very powerful
running formation but difficult to pass from.It is
rarely used by pro teams since it is limited in passing flexibility and can be easily stopped by the fast, modern defensive
players.The Wishbone, once dominant in college football but now virtually extinct, was another T variation, with the fullback
positioned very close behind the quarterback, flanked by two halfbacks.This was a very strong running formation with the famous
"triple option" where the quarterback could handoff to the fullback, run it himself, or pitch to the trailing halfback.Obviously, this formation required a talented,
running quarterback.George Halas and George Jones of the
Chicago Bears along with University of Chicago coach Clark Shaughnessy and Notre Dame coach Frank Leahy became
persuasive advocates.Shaughnessy worked as an advisor to Halas in the 1930s while he coached the University of Chicago himself.NFL, the Pittsburgh Steelers,
converted to the T in 1953.The T is referenced in the Chicago Bears fight song, Bear Down, Chicago
Bears, written after the 1940 championship over Washington."We'll never forget the way you thrilled the nation, with your
T formation..."Further reading
Leahy, Frank
(1949).Notre Dame Football: The "T" Formation.Post a question or answer questions about "T formation" at WikiAnswers.This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.It uses material from the Wikipedia article "T formation".Learn about high blood pressure numbers.Are there rats in Alberta Canada?"See a map of synonyms of T formation in the Visual Thesaurus."It also has 3 major pass threats, 2 wideouts and a tight end.Not to mention the running backs out of the backfield.ROM at NO additional cost to you.Similar to the Pro formation, but can hit the opposing team
faster and harder with the extra running back.It also has 3 major pass threats, 2 wideouts and a tight end.
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