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Tal biography, Tal discography
Latvian chess player, a Grandmaster, and the eighth World Chess Champion.He was often called "Misha" (a diminutive for Mikhail) and also "The magician from Riga" for his daring combinational style.Emms 2004) and Modern Chess Brilliancies (Evans 1970) include more games by Tal than any other player.Early years
Tal was born in Riga, Latvia.At the age of eight, Tal learned to play chess while watching his father, a doctor.Alexander Koblents began tutoring Tal in 1949.Tal's game improved rapidly thereafter, and by 1951 he had qualified for the Latvian Championship.In the 1952 Latvian Championship Tal finished ahead of his trainer.Tal won his first Latvian title in 1953, and was awarded the title of candidate master.Tal graduated in Literature from the University of Riga, writing a thesis on the satirical works of Ilf and Petrov, and taught school in Riga for a time in his early 20s.He was a member of the Daugava Sports Society, and represented Latvia in internal Soviet team competitions.Soviet champion
Tal qualified for the USSR Chess Championship final in 1956, finishing joint fifth, and became the youngest player to win it the following year, at the age of 20.He had not played in enough international tournaments to qualify for the title of Grandmaster, but FIDE decided to waive the normal restrictions and award him the title anyway because of his achievement in winning the Soviet Championship.He won nineteen games, drew eight, and lost none, for 85.He retained the Soviet Championship title the following year, and competed in the World Chess Championship for the first time.Tal and Botvinnik, 1960 match.In 1960, at the age of 23, Tal thoroughly defeated the relatively staid and strategic Mikhail Botvinnik in a World Championship match, held in Moscow, by 12.In the period between the matches Botvinnik had thoroughly analyzed Tal's style, and turned most of the return match's games into slow wars of maneuver or endgames, rather than the complicated tactical melees which were Tal's happy hunting ground.Tal's chronic kidney problems contributed to his defeat, and his doctors in Riga advised that he should postpone the match for health reasons.Yuri Averbakh claimed that Botvinnik would agree to a postponement only if Tal was certified unfit by Moscow doctors, and that Tal then decided to play.His highest Elo rating was 2705, achieved in 1980.This capped his torrid stretch which had begun in early 1957.Subsequently Tal played in several Candidates' Tournaments.In 1965, he lost the final match against Boris Spassky, after defeating Lajos Portisch and Bent Larsen.Viktor Korchnoi, after defeating Gligoric.Tal's strength also in later years is given by his excellent score with Karpov in tournament games: one loss and nineteen draws out of 20 games they played, arguably the best score of any player against Karpov apart of course from Kasparov.Tal played in 21 Soviet Championships, winning it a record six times (1957, 1958, 1967, 1972, 1974, 1978), a number only equalled by Botvinnik.International Chess Tournament in Tallinn, Estonia, with victories in 1971, 1973, 1977, 1981, and 1983.One of Tal's greatest achievements during his later career was an equal first place with Anatoly Karpov (whom he seconded in a number of tournaments and world championships) in the 1979 Montreal "Tournament of Stars", at the time the strongest event ever held.Tal was also a formidable blitz chess player.Fischer versus Tal at the 1960 Olympiad.Individually, Tal won seven Olympiad board medals, including five gold (1958, 1962, 1966, 1972, 1974), and two silver (1960, 1982).Tal also represented the Soviet Union at six European Team Championships (1957, 1961, 1970, 1973, 1977, 1980), winning team gold medals each time, and three board gold medals (1957, 1970, and 1977).He scored 14 wins, 20 draws, and three losses, for 64.Tal played board nine for the USSR in the first match against the Rest of the World team at Belgrade 1970, scoring 2 out of 4.He was on board seven for the USSR in the second match against the Rest of the World team at London 1984, scoring 2 out of 3.The USSR won both team matches.From 1950 (when he won the Latvian junior championship) to 1991 Tal won or tied for first in 68 tournaments (see table below).From July 1972 to April 1973, Tal played a record 86 consecutive games without a loss (47 wins and 39 draws).These are the two longest unbeaten streaks in modern chess history.The sign "+" means that Tal won those games.Tal suffered from bad health, and had to be hospitalized frequently throughout his career, mainly for kidney problems.Tal was a chain smoker and a heavy drinker.He was also briefly addicted to morphine.Tal died in a Moscow hospital, officially of kidney failure.But his friend and fellow Soviet grandmaster Genna Sosonko reported that "in reality, all his organs had stopped functioning."Tal's gravestone, showing a death date of "1992 27 VI" (June 27, 1992).Tal loved the game in itself and considered that "Chess, first of all, is Art."Known as "The Magician from Riga", Tal was the archetype of the attacking player, developing an extremely powerful and imaginative style of play.World Champion Vasily Smyslov as nothing more than "tricks", Tal convincingly beat virtually every notable grandmaster with his trademark aggression.Viktor Korchnoi and Paul Keres are two of the very few with a significant plus record against him.It is also notable that he adopted a more sedate and positional style in his later years; for many chess lovers, the apex of Tal's style corresponds with the period (approximately from 1971 to 1979) when he was able to integrate the solidity of classic chess with the imagination of his youth.Spaniard Alexei Shirov has probably been most influenced or inspired by Tal's sacrificial style.In fact, he studied with Tal as a youth.Tal contributed little to opening theory, despite a deep knowledge of most systems.Quotations on chess
"There are two kinds of sacrifices: sound ones, and mine.""To play for a draw, at any rate with White, is to some degree a crime against chess.""It is also important to remember that Bobby Fischer was a real chess gentleman during games.He was always very fair and very correct."Referring to his piece sacrifices: "They can only take them one at a time!""If playing chess were made illegal by law, I would become an outlaw."Tal spares no fireworks as he scores the win which clinches his first Soviet title.Spassky plays for a win to avoid a playoff for an Interzonal berth, but Tal hangs on by his fingernails before turning the tables in a complex endgame; with the win, he captures his second straight Soviet title.In 1959, Bobby Fischer was too young and inexperienced to meet Tal with success.Still, their games from this time are full of interesting tactics.Tal sacrifices a knight for the attack and Botvinnik is not able to find a good defence in the given time; his 25th move is a mistake spoiling the game for him.Black attacks in the centre and then starts a king chase.Tal destroys perhaps the greatest defensive player of all time in a miniature.Writings
Although he did not publish much, Tal became also known as an exceptional chess writer who did not provide an abundance of variations but was able to communicate the intuition behind his reasoning to the reader.His account of his successful World Championship match against Botvinnik is very highly regarded: American Grandmaster Andrew Soltis reviewed it as "simply the best book written about a world championship match by a contestant.That shouldn't be a surprise because Tal was the finest writer to become world champion".New Zealand Grandmaster Murray Chandler wrote in the introduction to the 1997 reissued algebraic edition of The Life and Games of Mikhail Tal that the book was possibly the best chess book ever written.One amusing anecdote frequently quoted from Tal's autobiography takes the form of a hypothetical conversation between Tal and a journalist.We reached a very complicated position where I was intending to sacrifice a knight.As a result my head became filled with a completely chaotic pile of all sorts of moves, and the infamous "tree of variations", from which the chess trainers recommend that you cut off the small branches, in this case spread with unbelievable rapidity.After a lengthy consideration I admitted defeat as an engineer, and thought spitefully to myself: "Well, just let it drown!"And since it promised an interesting game, I could not refrain from making it."Mikhail Tal, The Life and Games of Mikhail Tal.The Life and Games of Mikhail Tal.Tal, Mikhail, Iakov Damsky and Ken Neat (tr.Tal's gravestone has June 27 as the date of his death.All other sources consulted give June 28, including My Great Predecessors, part II, page 382, by Garry Kasparov and The Life and Games of Mikhail Tal, page 6, and DeadOrAliveInfo.At that time, the Soviet Union was dominant in world chess, and Tal had beaten several of the world's top players to win the tournament."Mikhail Tal, a Chess Grandmaster Known for His Daring, Dies at 55".The Life and Games of Mikhail Tal, by Mikhail Tal, 1997, London, Everyman Chess.Company, Jefferson, North Carolina and London, pp."Kramnik Interview: From Steinitz to Kasparov".Further reading
Chernev, Irving (1995).The Magic of Mikhail Tal.This covers Tal's career post 1975, and can therefore be seen as a sort of sequel to Tal's own autobiography and games collection, which covers his career up to that point.This page was last modified on 20 November 2008, at 18:03.TAL statement attributes, you can replace parts of the document
with dynamically computed content.See ProposedChanges for discussion of the next TAL specification.Error Handling proposals exist in ErrorHandlingStrategies.DiscussTAL
ErrorHandlingStrategies
TAL Specification 1.Document h4 + pre
.This specification supercedes TAL Specification 1.It allows elements of a document to be replaced,
repeated, or omitted.The statements of TAL are XML attributes from the TAL namespace.TAL statement has a name (the attribute name) and a body
(the attribute value).TALES is recommended for this
purpose.Do not expect a browser
to resolve it successfully.See EBNF for rules and terminals.The following are the TAL 1.TAL arguments is described in TALES.The expression language must define a value
named nothing (see TALES) that is not a string.In this case, it is as though the statement (or part of the
statement, in some cases) did not exist.You can define two different kinds of TAL variables: local and global.When you define a global variables, you can use it in any element
processed after the defining element.This means that if the variable exists in an enclosing
scope, its value is unchanged, but if it does not, it is not created.If you want to replace the value of an attribute (or create an
attribute) with a dynamic value, you need the attributes statement.If the expression cancels the action, then that attribute is left
unchanged.When this statement is used on an element with an active replace
command, the implementation may ignore the attributes statement.It is up to the interface between TAL and the expression
engine to determine the value of true and false.To replace an element with dynamic content, use the
replace statement.This replaces the statement
element with either text or a structure (unescaped markup).If the action is cancelled, then the element is left
unchanged (see the TALES default value).Rather than replacing an entire element, you can insert text or
structure in place of its children with the content statement.Note: The default replacement behavior is text.The expression should evaluate to a sequence.If the action is cancelled, then the
element is left unchanged, and no new variables are defined.The variable_name is used to define a local variable and a repeat
variable.You use iteration objects to access information about the current
repetition (such as the repeat index).Iteration objects are more
properly the domain of TALES.Unknown, but the rest of
the paragraph is processed normally.It is up to the interface between TAL and the expression
engine to determine the value of true and false.When there is only one TAL statement per element, the order in which
they are executed is simple.It makes no sense to replace attributes and then throw them away, so
attributes is last.The remaining statements clash,
because they each replace or edit the statement element.This is a spec, used only for ZPT.But even if not, where is it documented for ZPT?TAL and the expression engine"...METAL, b)exceptions returned to TAL, c)agreements
abt common variable names nothing, d) and objects nothing, false etc.TALES does more than TAL describes and in
the tutorials plenty more is mentioned.Editor Remark Requested
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