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Others fly in and out of nests built around homes, buildings and areas where people live, work and play, causing fear and alarm.Nevertheless, unless the threat of stings and nest location present a hazard, it is often best to wait for Mother Nature, with freezing temperatures in late November and December, to kill off these annual colonies.Workers are sometimes confused with honey bees, especially when flying in and out of their nests.Some have yellow on the face.Yellowjackets are social wasps living in colonies containing workers, queens and males.Colonies are annual with only inseminated queens overwintering.Queens emerge during the warm days of late April or early May, select a nest site and build a small paper nest in which eggs are laid.June, the first adult workers emerge and assume the tasks of nest expansion, foraging for food, care of the queen and larvae, and colony defense.At peak size, reproductive cells are built with new males and queens produced.Adult reproductives remain in the nest fed by the workers.Adult reproductives leave the parent colony to mate.After mating, males quickly die while fertilized queens seek protected places to overwinter.Nests are not used again.In the spring, the cycle is repeated.Weather in the spring is the most important factor in colony establishment.Although adults feed primarily on items rich in sugars and carbohydrates (fruits, flower nectar and tree sap), the larvae feed on proteins (insects, meats, fish, etc.Adult workers chew and condition the meat fed to the larvae.This exchange of material is known as trophallaxis.In 1975, the German yellowjacket first appeared in Ohio and has now become the dominant species over the Eastern yellowjacket.The German yellowjacket builds a grey, brittle, papery soccer or football shaped nest in structures with the peak worker population between 1,000 to 3,000 individuals between May to November.Nests are built entirely of wood fiber (usually weathered or dead) and are completely enclosed (football or soccer shaped) except for a small opening (entrance) at the bottom.Larvae hang down in combs.Should a yellowjacket wasp fly near you or land on your body, never swing or strike at it or run rapidly away since quick movements often provoke attack and painful stings.When a wasp is near you, slowly raise your hands to protect your face remaining calm and stationary for a while and then move very slowly (avoid stepping on the ground nest), backing out through bushes or moving indoors to escape.There is an old saying that "one who stands still and shoots an aerial nest with a shotgun need not fear, instead it is the person that rapidly runs away who gets all the stings."Wasp venom contains a chemical "alarm pheromone," released into the air, signaling guard wasps to come and sting whomever and whatever gets in their way.Instead, they fly against windows.Be careful not to cut weeds or run the lawnmower over a ground nest nor disturb a nest in a tree or eaves of the home.Any noise and disturbance will sometimes infuriate and provoke painful stinging.Restrain children from throwing rocks or spraying water on nests.Pick up and dispose of any fallen fruit rotting on the ground.Overripe pears and apples on the ground attract many yellowjackets.Wear a hat and closed shoes (not sandals or barefoot).There are no jackets (clothing) impregnated with chemicals repellent to yellowjackets.After being stung, immediately apply a poultice of a meat tenderizer to the wound.Consult a physician about medical kits such as Epipen, which contains chlortrimeton (antihistamine) tablets and aqueous epinephrine (adrenalin) ready for injection, a tourniquet and sterile alcohol swabs for cleaning the injection site.Trapping large numbers often fails to reduce population to acceptable levels, but may be useful in small areas.Certain yellowjackets have been shown to fly from 300 to 1,000 yards from their nest in search of food.For effective use at outdoor events, traps should be placed out two or more days prior to the event.Every trap except the Yellow Jacket Inn relies on exhausted yellowjackets dropping into the liquid bait and drowning before they can escape back out the entrance holes.The addition of a drop or two of liquid dish soap to the bait after it has been poured into the trap is critical.Soap lowers the surface tension of the liquid bait and enhances drowning.Some apply a thin film of Vaseline to the inside neck of traps to prevent escape.In reference to baits, apple juice frozen concentrate diluted at a 50:50 ratio with water is excellent, improving as it ferments.Spraying the inside of garbage containers and dumpsters with propoxur (Baygon), resmethrin, or pyrethrins one to two times each week will provide relief.Spray near the rim, especially immediately after the receptacles are emptied.There are literally hundreds of products in various formulations labeled for yellowjacket and wasp control.Control of social wasps (yellowjackets), although usually not difficult, has its element of risk in being stung.It is best to conduct control operations on nests after dark, about 9:30 PM in summer, to avoid being stung, since most of the wasps will have returned to their nest (at dusk or sunset is too soon).If applications must be made during daylight hours, the use of protective equipment, such as gloves, hat, bee veil, coveralls, etc.Do not cover the nest entrance during daylight treatment as returning workers will be all over the immediate area looking for the entrance.Some prefer not to cover the entrance hole either during the day or evening.Some effective dusts include pyrethrins (Drione), carbaryl (Sevin), or bendiocarb (Ficam).By approaching the nest, spraying in a sweeping motion, the area can be cleared of yellowjackets guarding the nest, followed by directing the spray stream into the entrance hole at the nest bottom to kill those inside.During the day, this technique does not alarm other wasps returning from the field.No other insecticide needs to be introduced into the nest since all adults present are killed and the immature stages (eggs and larvae) die from lack of care.The German yellowjacket frequently builds nests in the walls of structures.Once locating the entrance, quickly insert the plastic wand of an aerosol generator of resmethrin and release 10 to 30 seconds of material into the void.If done during the daytime, returning workers will chew at the treated steel wool, but within 12 hours all will have been killed.Never plug an entrance hole without first injecting with some insecticide or wasps may chew through drywall or the ceiling into the home.Locate the actual nest position by listening with your ear to the wall or using a stethoscope.Some may prefer aerosol formulations of Baygon or dusts of Ficam or Drione.Active, Demon, Vikor), deltamethrin (Suspend), diazinon, permethrin (Astro, Dragnet, Flee, Permanone, Prelude Torpedo), propoxur (Baygon), pyrethrins (Kicker, Microcare, Pyrenone, Pyrethrum, Synerol), resmethrin (Vectrin) and tralomethrin (Saga).Certain formulations of bendiocarb, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and tralomethrin are "Restricted Use Pesticides" labeled for licensed pesticide applicators only.Persons who are especially sensitive to stings should get several competitive cost control estimates from reputable, licensed, professional pest control operators who have the experience, equipment and most effective insecticides to get the best job done.Free shipping on orders over 25.All wasps will defend their nests, but the Yellow Jackets and hornets are the most aggressive.They can be distinguished from bees by their thin "waists."Like all wasps, yellow jackets prey on a variety of insects and other arthropods.Yellow jackets will also forage on foods that people eat, especially sweets and meats.They are considered beneficial insects, eating other insects.In the spring, most yellow jackets will feed on insects.Many homeowners see"bees" flying around their hedges.These "bees" are usually yellow jackets and are there to eat insects on the foliage.Spraying the hedges with an appropriate insecticide will kill the food source of the yellow jackets, and they will soon leave the area.In the fall, wasp colonies have come the largest size, and foraging workers may be a serious nuisance as they search for food people eat or discarded food.If a colony is disturbed, they can become very aggressive and sting.For most a sting is temporary, but painful, but for allergic individuals as single sting may result in a serious reaction, requiring medical treatment.Sanitation( to eliminate possible food sources) is important to reduce build up of foraging population during the summer to mid autumn .Trash containers should be kept closed and open containers should be emptied regularly.Nests should be located during the day, so you can see the workers entering and exiting all day.Any treatments should be done at night,
because they are all in the nest.They don't see well at night and your chances of being stung are greatly reduced.PT Wasp and Hornet Freeze
Pyrethrum forms a gas which will fill the cavity, killing the yellow jackets.Check the nest the following day, to see if the yellow jackets are indeed dead by lack of activity.It may be necessary to repeat treatment.With a little care and caution, yellow jackets can be easily and safely eliminated.This trap is very helpful during picnics, and cook outs , etc.The traps come with a lure, however meat works best in early in the season and fruit juice works well later in the summer and fall months.Only a few of the very large number of wasp species in California live a
social life; these species are referred to as social wasps.Wasps become a problem only when they threaten
to sting humans.Defensive behavior increases as the season progresses and
colony populations become larger while food becomes scarcer.At certain times and places,
the number of scavenger wasps can be quite large.In western states there are two distinct types of social wasps: yellowjackets
and paper wasps.Paper wasps are much less defensive and rarely sting humans.By late summer, however, the colonies grow more slowly or cease growth
and require large amounts of sugar to maintain the queen and workers.So foraging wasps are particularly interested in sweet things at this
time.Normally, yellowjacket and paper wasp colonies only live one season.Vespula and Dolichovespula (family
Vespidae).The pupae develop adult coloring just before they emerge as adult
wasps.The entrance is normally a hole
at the bottom of the nest.They do not defend their nests and rarely
sting.During winter, you can safely remove the nests without spraying.Patients in this condition require medical intervention, even
dialysis.The best way to prevent unpleasant encounters with social wasps is to
avoid them.Wasps can become very defensive when their nest is disturbed.If wasp nests must be eliminated, it is easiest and safest to call for
professional help.There are two types of wasp traps: lure and water traps.Lure traps are available for purchase at many retail stores that sell pest
control supplies and are easiest to use.In summer and fall they may assist in reducing
localized foraging workers, but they do not eliminate large populations.Proteins such as lunchmeat can be added as an attractant
and are believed to improve catches.The bucket is filled with soapy water and the protein
bait is suspended 1 to 2 inches above the water.In summer and fall they may assist in reducing localized foraging workers
but usually not to acceptable levels.As there is little activity around
wasp nests when they are first starting, they are very hard to find.Mosquito and Vector Control
District.PDF: You need a PDF reader, such as Acrobat Reader version 5 or later,
to view or print this PDF.FOR ALL OTHER USES or more information, read Legal
Notices.See How to manage pests,
or in the U.They build nests much larger than paper wasps consisting of several combs surrounded by paper and resemble a paper mache ball.Most yellowjackets build nests underground, or in wall voids, attics, and hollow logs.Polulations in mature colonies can be very large, ranging from 200 to 700 adults in baldfaced hornet colonies and 1000 to 5000 adults in southern and eastern yellowjacket colonies!Due to the large colony size and defensive nature, yellow jackets are more aggressive than paper wasps.Yellowjackets have effective means of defending their colonies.For this reason, a human will almost certainly be stung if a lawn mower or trimmer is used near a yellowjacket nest.An alarm chemical is released upon stinging that causes nestmates to join the attack.Social wasps don't lose their stinger after an attack, like honey bees, so can sting repeatedly.Yellowjacket colonies usually last until late fall in Oklahoma, outlasting paper wasps, hence have more opportunity for unpleasant interaction with humans and thus have a nastier reputation than even paper wasps.This scavenging habit, the aggressiveness of individual workers, and the huge peak population levels in fall make yellow jackets a serious stinging hazard around feeding sites as well as around their nest.Controlling Yellowjacket nests
If you feel compelled to eliminate their nest, as with hornets and other wasps, find yellowjacket nests by day and deal with them at night or on a cool dawn, when they're more docile and lethargic (and when they're all at the nest!By day, yellowjacket workers forage as much as a mile from their nest.Seek professional help for large nests and nests in wall voids and attics.Printer Friendly Version
Yellow jackets (Vespula species, Vespa species and Dolichovespula species) are considered beneficial around home gardens and commercially grown fruits and vegetables at certain times of the year because they feed abundantly on insect pests such as caterpillars and harmful flies.Foraging yellow jackets are often mistaken for honey bees by the untrained eye because of their similar appearance and the fact that they are sometimes attracted to the same food source.Honey bees are slightly larger than yellow jackets and are covered with hair or setae which are absent on yellow jackets.The yellow jacket has a smooth stinger that can be used to sting multiple times, whereas the honey bee has a barbed stinger than can be used to sting only once.LIFE CYCLE
Yellow jackets are social insects that have a colony division of labor between undeveloped female workers, males and fully developed female queens.Other possible nest sites are in buildings, including attics, porches, eaves or sheds.The queen builds a small paper nest and lays several eggs which hatch and mature to adult workers.This first generation of infertile workers undertakes all tasks of nest expansion including foraging for food, defending the colony entrance and feeding the queen and larvae (immature forms).The colony rapidly increases in size and the number of adult yellow jackets may reach several hundred by August.During this peak population period, the colony produces reproductive cells that mature and provide future queens and reproductive males that eventually leave the nest for mating flights.Mated queens fall to the ground and seek out a protected overwintering place such as a brush pile, a hollow tree or a building.Males that have successfully mated quickly die.During the fall of the year when colonies begin to die, skunks and bears dig into the underground nests and feed on the immature yellow jackets.August 1991 that contained an estimated 250,000 yellow jackets.FOOD
The diet of adult yellow jackets consists mainly of food rich in sugars and carbohydrates, such as plant nectar and fruit.Also, foraging adults search for meat that is high in protein, such as insects and fish, which they chew and condition in preparation for larval consumption.In late summer and fall, the normal food materials are in short supply, so the yellow jackets scavenge for alternate food sources which many times leads to major conflicts with human activities.Yellow jackets are known for their presence around beehives in fall and will enter and rob honey if given the opportunity.They can become a major stress around weak honey bee colonies that cannot protect their food stores.CONTROL AT PICNICS
Frequent removal of garbage and other waste products around picnic sites will reduce problems with yellow jackets.Dust) should be applied only at night when all foragers are inside the nest.Check the colony entrance the next day for activity and reapply again if necessary.If daytime control is necessary, the person should wear protective gear including a hat, veil, coveralls and gloves because returning foragers will likely attempt to defend the colony.If this is not possible, purchase a container of pressurized insecticide labeled for yellow jacket or hornet control from the local feed and seed or hardware store, or garden center.The product should allow a straight stream of knockdown insecticide to be emitted from a nozzle.Protective clothing is highly recommended as stated in the previous section.CONTROL IN BUILDINGS
Elimination of yellow jacket nests in buildings can be most difficult.Since yellow jackets are attracted to light, they may find another exit and you may cause them to enter the inside of the building, especially if control is done at night.If this happens, you must close off any alternate exits.Traps may be placed along side dumpsters or restaurant loading docks.Most trap directions call for a reservoir to be filled with an attractant such as sugar water.Exhausted yellow jackets fall into the liquid and drown.Homemade Traps: A crude yellow jacket trap is made by hanging a raw fish or piece of liver (slightly diced on the exterior) by string about 1 to 2 inches above a container of detergent and water.The detergent will act as a wetting agent and eliminate surface tension which will improve trap efficiency.Foraging yellow jackets are attracted to the raw meat and will often become overloaded with food and fall into the water and drown.This method of yellow jacket control is not as efficient as nest elimination but it may help reduce the population to acceptable levels.Fish Bait: Bee lining is a method by which a person may locate a yellow jacket nest by observing foragers as they return to their colony with food.Foraging yellow jackets will be attracted to the raw fish and will chew off a tiny particle of the meat.By close observation, a person can follow the flight line of the yellow jacket back to her nest.SAFETY MEASURES
Precautions should be taken when working or playing in areas that are likely to be inhabited by yellow jackets.Logging equipment operators often disturb nests in the forest that can make their work very dangerous.Swift movements will only attract more yellow jackets.Mound the dry salt on the sting entry point and moisten with a few drops of water.Leave the salt on the site for several minutes.Yellow jackets and other stinging insects often get inside moving vehicles, which may result in a very dangerous situation.The driver should open all windows and leave the passenger doors open to allow the insects to exit the vehicle.Persons should refrain from swatting the insect inside the vehicle.Michael Hood, Extension Entomologist, Clemson University.Revised by Joey Williamson, HGIC Information Specialist.FACED HORNETS AND YELLOWJACKETS
IN AND AROUND STRUCTURES
By: Stephen B.Extension Center in your county.Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914.Are you a YellowJacket Alumnus and need the Username and Password?Just fill out the form below and you will be contacted by our Alumni Coordinator with all the information you need.
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