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Zodiac biography, Zodiac discography
For other uses, see Zodiac (disambiguation).Zodiac denotes an annual cycle of twelve stations along the ecliptic, the apparent path of the sun across the heavens through the constellations that divide the ecliptic into twelve equal zones of celestial longitude.The zodiac is recognized as the first known celestial coordinate system.Western world derived its understanding of zodiac systems.Babylonian astrology, inherited by astrology, developed the zodiac of twelve signs familiar in the West.However, the classical Greek zodiac also includes signs (also constellations) that are not represented by animals (e.Another suggested etymology is that the Greek term is cognate with the Sanskrit sodi, denoting "a path", i.The zodiac also means a region of the celestial sphere that includes a band of eight arc degrees above and below the ecliptic, and therefore encompasses the paths of the Moon and the naked eye planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn).Astrologers understood the movement of the planets and the Sun through the zodiac as a means of explaining and predicting events on Earth.Zodiac in astronomy
3 Table of constellations vs.Precession of the equinoxes
5 Zodiac celestial coordinate systems
5.The equinox moving through the sidereal signs
5.Zodiac in astrology
Astrologers use astronomical observations of the movements of the night sky for divinatory purposes.The zodiac remains in use in modern astrology, though the issue of tropical astrology (used mainly by Western astrologers) and sidereal astrology (used mainly by Indian astrologers) is central.Therefore, over the centuries the twelve zodiacal signs in Western astrology no longer correspond to the same part of the sky as their original constellations, or their Indian counterparts.The glyph representation of these characters will depend on the font in which they are displayed.Below are the Roman names of the signs of the zodiac (with the ecliptic longitudes of their first points).These figures represent the equivalent J2000.Indian zodiac
Traditional Hindu astrology has a sidereal coordinate zodiac system with twelve signs.Babylonian system of twelve signs overlays the native Hindu system of nine grahas or planets.Chinese and other zodiacs
Chinese astrology also has a system of twelve signs sometimes also referred to as "zodiac".This does not necessarily imply a common origin, since the number of twelve naturally suggests itself from the number of synodic months in a year; in other words, the extent of a zodiacal sign corresponds to the path covered by the Sun between two new moons.Like its Western counterpart, the Chinese zodiac features animals.However, the Chinese zodiac associates each animal with both one month and one solar year.Thus the signs repeat themselves every twelve year cycle.The animals of the Chinese Zodiac are: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit (or hare), dragon, snake, horse, sheep (or goat), monkey, rooster, dog, and pig (or boar).For a list of how these animals map to the months and years see Chinese astrology.Celtic calendar, or a "Galactic zodiac".Other evidence suggests Mayan, Incan and Aztec cultures of the Western hemisphere also noted celestial events along the zodiac.The Maya for example, certainly possessed a zodiac of some kind.Zodiac in astronomy
In astronomy the zodiacal constellations are a convenient way of marking the ecliptic (the sun's path across the sky).The zodiac is also a way for astronomers to mark the path of the moon and planets , as their movements also remain within these constellations.Apart from this role, the zodiacal constellations have no extra significance to astronomers than any other constellation.Unlike the zodiac signs in astrology, which are all thirty degrees in length, the astronomical constellations vary widely in size.This was essentially a mapping exercise to make the work of astronomers more efficient, and the boundaries of the constellations are not therefore in any meaningful sense an 'equivalent' to the zodiac signs.Along with the twelve original constellations, the boundaries of a thirteenth constellation, Ophiuchus, were set by astronomers within the bounds of the zodiac.This table provides a comparison between the dates the Sun enters and passes away from the zodiac signs and constellations as defined by various specifications.Note the ecliptic passes through a thirteenth constellation (or more, depending upon the opinions of astronomers of any given century), Ophiuchus (the serpent bearer), as already recognized in Ptolemy's Almagest, although there is no astrological sign corresponding to Ophiuchus.Notably, Ophiuchus occupies an honored place along the zodiac: amidst the cluster of dust and clouds looking toward the center of the Milky Way galaxy; although not part of the constellation, Barnard's Star is located within Ophiuchus (this is one of the nearest stars to the Solar System, and it has the largest known proper motion of any star relative to the Sun).The dates can vary by as much as 2 days from year to year, depending on the cycle of leap years.The signs of the zodiac do not necessarily coincide with the actual constellations for which they are named.Such a view is consistent with the reading of Ptolemy as a geocentrist.Earth as a fixed frame of reference.The stars precess in relation to the Earth not the other way around.By "revolution of the universe", Ptolemy refers to the daily cycle that heliocentrists understand as the rotation of the Earth.However, one also finds evidence in Ptolemy's The Almagest that he expresses a view of a fixed celestial sphere; or at least that he understands the difference between the relative motions of each.So Ptolemy's response to the issue of precession is that the zodiac moves through the equinox and also he makes it clear he understands that the equinox moves through the zodiac.The zodiacal signs remain in use as the basis of an ecliptic coordinate system, though modern astronomers tend to use an equatorial coordinate systems since Early Modern times.One can see the use of the sidereal coordinate system as late as 1,000 AD from Hermannus Contractus in his de mensura astrolabii liber who gives the locations of stars in stereographic projection for the construction of an astrolabe, There he gives the zodiac coordinate of Antares as 14.The zodiacal symbols are Early Modern simplifications of conventional pictorial representations of the signs, attested since Hellenistic times.This article needs additional citations for verification.From these definitions longitudinal meridians perpendicular to the equatorial plane meet at the north and south poles of the celestial sphere and one can precisely specify a unique position on the sphere.First, the zodiac coordinate system designates the ecliptic as the equatorial plane.One should not confuse the zodiac's equatorial plane with the Earth's equator which is so named because it serves as the equatorial plane for our terrestrial coordinate system.Instead the ecliptic is aligned with the Earth's orbital plane with the Sun.This tilt is partly due to the Earth's precession as it gyrates and rotates on its axis.However, the zodiac system names twelve equal regions (called signs) and technically any sign can serve as the beginning or the end of the sphere's precession.It is believed many of the classical astronomers specified zodiac signs using two bright stars near the ecliptic and opposite each other to serve as equatorial nodes or poles (not longitudinal poles): Aldebaran and Antares in the constellations Taurus and Scorpius respectively.From these two stars then the remaining equatorial boundaries of the 12 signs of the zodiac follow (see Powell 2004).Sidereal versus tropical
The celestial coordinate system described above is what astronomers call a sidereal system of coordinates.One could also call this a celestially centered system of coordinates.In time the ancient astronomers such as Hipparchus discovered these fixed stars were not fixed relative to the Earth's tropical year.That Hipparchus in the second century BC could recognize and document such a subtle process which is now known as the precession of the equinoxes could be considered remarkable.Some modern astronomers began to mark the stars according to a tropical zodiac (or other tropical coordinate systems such as the equatorial coordinate system).This tropical zodiac system of coordinates designates the origin of the longitude of the celestial sphere as the first point in Aries.The term may be derived from the constellation of Aries, but this point instead marks the position of the Sun at the time of the vernal equinox for a specified epoch.The first point in Aries in the sidereal system of coordinates, would be the first star in the Aries sign or perhaps the boundary of that sign.Ptolemy's longitudinal origin (see Peters and Knobel 1915).In terms of the tropical system, this places the first point in Aries (in other words, the vernal equinox) in the Pisces constellation, near the projection of the NGC 7787 spiral galaxy.For example Cyril Fagan's sidereal zodiac is offset from the J2000.The equinox moving through the sidereal signs
Below are several images depicting how the vernal equinox precesses through the celestial sphere from 1500 BC through AD 2500 (projected).For a tropical zodiac the first point in Aries and consequently the beginning of the tropical sign of Aries is defined as the position of the Sun's center at the moment of the astronomical vernal equinox.HIP116323) as well as the dividing point between the two (HIP7243) are marked to provide some sense of where the first point in Aries (the start of the sign of Aries in terms of a tropical zodiac) lies in relation to the sidereal sign of Aries.Comparison to modern systems
Though perhaps as old as 5,000 years, the zodiac coordinate system boasts advantages over its more common modern counterparts.To use the zodiac coordinate system all one has to know is where to find one of the nodal constellations that include the fixed reference points for the system: Taurus and Scorpio.Since those constellations are located on opposite sides of the ecliptic along the zodiac, one should always be visible in the night sky.The modern, commonly used tropical systems require an observer to know the current mean sidereal time, the observer's terrestrial longitude and latitude, and the epoch the observer wishes to utilize, and to account for other peculiarities of Earth's motion.Astronomers make the distinction between the proper motion of a star (typically relatively subtle), from the other motion that arises totally from the designation of a tropical rather than sidereal coordinate system.One example where this exhibits itself is in the constellation boundaries drawn up by the IAU.The neat constellation boundaries drawn in 1930 exhibit increasingly distorted boundary lines over time.Finally, since the zodiac system uses the ecliptic rather than the terrestrial equator for its equatorial plane it is not susceptible to the drifting of stars across the celestial equator as in the commonly used equatorial coordinate system (right ascension, declination).The key disadvantage of a zodiac system of coordinates will manifest as a problem, if the nodal stars that serve as its fixed reference points for the system exhibit significant proper motion so that within the system of coordinates every other star appears to move dramatically in unison.For example the inadvertent selection of an asteroid or an entire galaxy outside our Milky Way would lead to this condition.The reason for this is that celestial objects outside our galaxy revolve around our galaxy in a period of about 220 million years, at least in terms of a frame of reference affixed to our Sun and its neighboring stars.In galactic coordinates, the plane of the Milky Way and its own axial center serve as the fixed referents.Another disadvantage relates to the apparatus required for orienting one to the coordinate system.Using geocentric coordinates astronomers can easily calibrate their instruments to the fixed reference point.As long as astronomers can obtain an accurate compass reading, they can orient themselves to a geocentric coordinate system (such as ecliptic or equatorial coordinates).The Ram, the Bull, the Heavenly Twins,
And next the Crab, the Lion shines,
The Virgin and the Scales.The Scorpion, Archer, and the Goat,
The Man who holds the Watering Pot,
And Fish with glittering scales.Scaly Scorpions Are Good Water Fish.AU (Taurus) or Astrology Online (Aries)The Sun changes signs at different times each year, with enough variation to occur on different dates.Project Gutenberg ebook "An Alphabet Of Old Friends"; see Z for Zodiac.Photos of the Zodiac Constellations
The Zodiacs
Powell, Robert (2004).The Definition of the Babylonian Zodiac PhD thesis, entitled "The Definition of the Babylonian Zodiac and the Influence of Babylonian Astronomy on the Subsequent Defining of the Zodiac".Tropical v Sidereal debate First published in The Traditional Astrologer magazine, (Ascella), Issue 14, May 1997, pp.Ptolemy's Catalogue of Stars: a revision of the Almagest.Current position of Moon in the Zodiac, ...This page was last modified on 5 May 2008, at 11:26.Starring Jake Gyllenhaal, Mark Ruffalo, Robert Downey Jr.Did suspect Arthur Leigh Allen really wear a watch with the Zodiac's symbol on it?The movie shows Zodiac suspect Arthur Leigh Allen (John Carroll Lynch) wearing a watch that bares the killer's symbol and the brand name Zodiac.The real Arthur Leigh Allen wore an identical watch, the Zodiac Sea Wolf watch ( pictured here).Robert Graysmith commented on this in an interview, "To use the symbol ...What prompted Robert Graysmith to begin working on his Zodiac book?"And I thought, 'Well, wait a minute.They are not going to tell each other, even within departments.Did writing the Zodiac book really cost Robert Graysmith his marriage?In real life, the Zodiac book took Robert ten years to complete, and it cost him his marriage.When asked if he regrets his obsession with the Zodiac killer, Graysmith responded, "it affected my life in one bad way because I got divorced but on the other hand I have the greatest kids ...Zodiac was number one, that just took over."In a separate interview, Graysmith summed up his staunch devotion to the case, "In the end, it wasn't all bad.Wing walker shoe that they only made 169,000 pairs and they are sold only on naval stations and his father is a naval commander.If they catch someone else, that's not going to bother me, but I'm satisfied it's him."How many people did the Zodiac claim to have murdered?In his letters, the Zodiac serial killer claimed to have murdered 37 people.Darlene Ferrin (22), Cecelia Shepard (22), and Paul Stine (29).Did the two Zodiac survivors want the movie to be made?Michael Mageau, the lone survivor of the July 4, 1969 Zodiac shooting that killed his friend Darlene Ferrin, expressed strong reservations about viewing director David Fincher's Zodiac movie.Darlene Ferrin, 22, and Mike Mageau, 19, were shot in the parking lot of the secluded Blue Rock Springs Park in Vallejo, California.After firing five shots, the man turned and headed back towards his car.Michael was hit four times, Darlene five.The only other known survivor of the Zodiac attacks, Bryan Hartnell, was also not in favor of the movie being made."It became pretty clear that he didn't want to do something sensational or inaccurate," Hartnell said.Zodiac killer hogtied Hartnell and Cecelia Shepard, 22.The Zodiac, who was disguised in a black hooded outfit, stabbed Hartnell seven times in the back, "I was positive I was going to die," said Hartnell.Hartnell, 57, currently lives in Redlands, Washington.That's all you can ask a person."Did a woman narrowly escape the Zodiac by jumping out of his car while holding her baby?In the movie, Kathleen Johns (Ione Skye) is driving on the highway when a man starts honking his horn and blinking his lights at her to get her to pull over.However, instead of tightening the lug nuts on her right rear wheel, he actually removes them.According to Kathleen, the man then drove around for an hour and a half or more, passing station after station."She said she was very scared of this man, did want to get out, but did not tell him to stop the vehicle or let her out.""By the time I get through with them, they won't need my help."After more driving, Kathleen made her escape when the man stopped the car short of a stop sign.Holding her baby tightly, she ran across a nearby field and up an embankment where she hid in the shadows.After about five minutes, the man drove away.Zodiac killer on a WANTED poster.See Zodiac WANTED Poster 1 (Version 2 is shown above).Read the July 24, 1970 Zodiac Letter.This is the version of Kathleen's story that has since appeared in Robert Graysmith's bestselling 1986 book Zodiac, and in director David Fincher's 2007 film (although the film doesn't recreate Kathleen's escape).The caller, who is believed to have been the Zodiac, wants to be addressed as Sam.He can be viewed here talking to the Zodiac killer.Gorgan on the television series Star Trek.Did a police officer really spot the Zodiac killer after the Taxi cab murder?The officer who was inside the police car, Don Fouke, told ABC's Primetime in 2002, "When the headlights hit him I took a look at him.As revealed in the movie Zodiac, Officer Fouke didn't stop the man because the initial police bulletin reported that the suspect was black.In a letter sent to the San Francisco Chronicle approximately one month later on November 9, 1969, the Zodiac murderer confirmed that Officer Fouke had spotted him, "Hey pig!Did the Zodiac murderer really mail a piece of the taxi driver's shirt to the San Francisco Chronicle?Three days after the murder of the taxi cab driver on October 13, 1969 in Presidio Heights, the Zodiac killer mailed a letter to the San Francisco Chronicle.Included in the envelope was a piece of the taxi driver's shirttail."This is the Zodiac speaking.To prove this here is a bloodstained piece of his shirt."Did the Zodiac killer really threaten to kill school children?In his October 13, 1969 letter to the San Francisco Chronicle, the Zodiac wrote, "School children make nice targets.The 2007 movie's director, David Fincher, grew up in the Zodiac area of San Francisco during the time of the attacks.Fincher can remember police escorting his school bus.Arthur Leigh Allen at a hardware store?Allen worked at the Ace Hardware in Vallejo for over a decade until complications from diabetes forced him to quit prior to his death in 1992.How can the case ever be solved if Arthur Leigh Allen died in 1992?To earn money, he began renting the upper section of his home to a young woman, while he continued to reside in the basement.Diabetes had caused his kidneys to fail, and he had to undergo renal dialysis on a regular basis.Allen legally blind and with a large abscess on his foot.This made it hard for Allen to work or to leave his home.Cydne Holt discovered a fingerprint on a stamp affixed to one of the Zodiac's letters.DNA fingerprint from a male individual who, at some time, has had contact with the stamp," Holt said.When she tested the partial DNA from the stamp against Arthur Leigh Allen's DNA profile, she discovered that Allen was not a match.Robert Graysmith, who believes that the letters may have been tainted by investigators who handled them over the years.What is the current status of the Zodiac case?Three Zodiac letters that were lost for 20 years surfaced in 2002 during research conducted by ABC for its Primetime news program.Detective Mathew Meredith in Vallejo, Ca, believes that the DNA from the lost Zodiac letters could finally lead to some answers."And if it doesn't, this is kinda stirring the pot, and we'll see what floats to the surface."Are there any other likely Zodiac suspects besides Arthur Leigh Allen?As the movie Zodiac emphasized, there were 2,500 suspects in all.Lunby at Stanford said that whoever the killer is he will have offered to catch himself.Toschi if he had ever received that type of letter."Toschi replied, 'I only got one, I just got it!He takes it out and it's from Arthur Leigh Allen from prison and it says, 'Sorry I wasn't your man, blah, blah, blah...It should be noted here that other high profile Zodiac suspects have existed since 1968.Some of these suspects are briefly focused on in David Fincher's 2007 Zodiac movie.They include former San Francisco movie projectionist Rick Marshall and others.You can view one of Marshall's movie posters here.Zodiac in the 1933 film Charlie Chan at Treasure Island.In addition to this classic film, the Zodiac signed one of his letters as "the Red Phantom," which was also the title of a silent film that Rick Marshall had at one time invited guests at his apartment to watch.Did Robert Graysmith really visit the home of a man who had been friends with Zodiac suspect Rick Marshall?In the movie, Graysmith (Jake Gyllenhaal) visits the home of a man who supposedly knew Zodiac suspect Rick Marshall.He goes there in search of film canisters that may contain Zodiac murder footage.The man tells Graysmith that it wasn't Marshall who drew the movie posters, it was him.He then takes Graysmith into the basement where Graysmith hears footsteps above him, even though the man had told him they were alone.TV, channel 3 news report, which aired at 12 noon on Tuesday, October 7, 1969.In the segment, KCRA's Bill Harvey interviewed Zodiac survivor Bryan Hartnell at Queen of the Valley Hospital in Napa, California.The interview was conducted ten days after Bryan's near fatal encounter with the Zodiac killer or "code killer" on Saturday September 27, 1969 at Lake Berryessa.Bryan's female companion at the lake, Cecelia Shepard, parished from her injuries.Cecelia and Bryan had dated two years prior to the attack.She had come to his school to visit some friends and the two got to talking during dinner at the school cafeteria.The original news segment ran for a duration of 6 min.Pacific Union College student who survived a knife attack at Lake Berryessa a week ago Saturday in which his girl companion was killed is now in satisfactory condition at a Napa hospital and was able to talk about his ordeal.And when he came out she said he's got a mask on.That was my first inkling there was anything actually wrong going on.But if you need help I'm sure I could give you help otherwise.Mexico and needed money and transportation.He said, well, what I need right now is to get you tied up.And we continued to dialogue along most of this time.The next thing I can remember is the knife being put in my back.Can you describe for us what your attacker looked like?See Robert Graysmith's Zodiac Killer sketch.You remained conscious through the entire ordeal.But finally one fisherman who was going a little slow, he stopped and shut off his motor, and we cajoled and called and we did everything to try to get him to come.And he said he'd go get help.Bryan Hartnell's attacker is still at large, and a murderer.Watch Zodiac related video clips below and see authentic news footage from when the Zodiac killer held the San Francisco Bay Area in a perpetual state of fear.Robert Graysmith and the actor who portrayed him in the 2007 movie Zodiac, Jake Gyllenhaal.The conceptKey pointsTechnologyThe Zodiac rangeThe Zodiac boatsFind your ZodiacHow to choose your ZodiacThe liferaftsDealer locatorWorldwideOur servicesContact UsAccessoriesDownloadsAdviceNavigationSafetyEnvironmentMotorMaintenanceRepairsF."Click here to learn more ABOUT Zodiackiller."Click here to CONTACT Zodiackiller."Click here to SEARCH Zodiackiller.
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